夫妻财产协议的合同法效力  

The Effect of Marital Property Agreement in Contract Law

作　　者：庄鸿山 Zhuang Hongshan(the Law School of Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2025年第2期146-161,共16页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：夫妻财产协议常常是情感互动与经济理性相互交融的结果。此类协议虽系夫妻间意思自治的产物,但容易在家庭之外产生溢出效应,因此有必要在合同法层面对其效力予以调控,以实现对外部债权人的平衡保护。对夫妻财产协议的效力调控应坚持柔性调适理念,尽可能考虑此类协议蕴含的身份伦理属性与情感互动关系,维护最低限度的家事优位利益与照顾伦理。以当前频发的离婚财产分割协议对债权人效力之争为例,一方面应将其效力调控工具限定于《民法典》第539条的债权人撤销权规则,避免过度干预家庭内部自治;另一方面,在判断协议是否明显不合理时,应先考察协议内容的利他性与整体性,确保子女抚养、夫妻互助等家事优位利益的实现,然后基于固定比例的合理性推定规则来分配举证责任,从而妥善评价案涉协议的合理性。The marital property agreement often reflects a combination of emotional interaction and economic rationality.While this agreement is typically the product of mutual autonomy between spouses,it may have spillover effects beyond the family unit.Therefore,it is essential to regulate its effectiveness within the framework of contract law to ensure balanced protection for external creditors.The regulation of the effectiveness of marital property agreements should adhere to a principle of flexible adjustment,considering the ethical dimensions and emotional interactions inherent in such agreements,while safeguarding the minimum level of family priority interests and care ethics.Using the common issue of disputes over the effectiveness of divorce property division agreements,it is proposed that the regulation tools should be confined to the creditor's revocation right rule under Article 539 of the Civil Code,to avoid excessive interference with family autonomy.Furthermore,when assessing whether an agreement is unreasonable,priority should be given to examining its altruistic and ethical aspects to ensure the protection of family interests,such as child-rearing and mutual support between spouses.In addition,the reasonableness of the agreement should be evaluated based on a fixed proportional rule,with the burden of proof properly allocated to assess the agreement's fairness in each case.

关 键 词：夫妻财产协议 离婚财产分割协议 债权人撤销权 家事优位利益 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]