汉语汉字中的库藏聚变:从语音文字到词汇语法  

Inventory fusion in Chinese language and scripts:From phonology and Chinese characters to lexicon and grammar

作　　者：刘丹青 LIU Danqing

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2025年第2期153-168,共16页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：深圳市孔雀鹏城学者启动项目支持。

摘　　要：本文讨论库藏裂变的相反过程——库藏聚变,即原来在语言库藏中分属不同单位的成分在某些原因驱动下逐渐趋同,直至被母语人识解为完全同一或同类的库藏成分。本文以汉语汉字为材料,举例分析了不同层级语言单位的库藏聚变情况。其中,语音文字词汇是有语音或字形表征的实体性单位,形态要素和虚词也有一定实体性,语法范畴、语法关系、语法结构等则属于抽象的非实体单位,其库藏聚变表现得更为隐秘复杂。文章指出,库藏裂变聚变是比音值变异、词义演变、语法化、词汇化等现象更加深刻的演变,会导致语言库藏的结构性重组;库藏聚变说明同一个语言单位可能有不同的历时来源。As a reversed process of inventory fission, inventory fusion refers to the process in which certain elements belonging originally to different syntactic units are driven by some factors to become more or less identical, so intuitively natural that native speakers may construe them as the same kind of elements in the inventory. Based on data collected from the Chinese language and scripts, this article exemplifies inventory fusion at various levels. While elements in phonology, characters and lexicon are substantial units with phonetic or graphical representation, some morphosyntactic elements such as grammatical categories, grammatical relations and grammatical constructions are abstract and non-substantial in nature, which might render their inventory fusion covert and more complex. The article concludes that compared with the well-acknowledged processes such as phonetic variation, semantic change of lexical items, grammaticalization and lexicalization, inventory fission and inventory fusion are the more fundamental linguistic changes, in that they involve structural reorganization of linguistic inventory. Specifically, inventory fusion has a theoretical implication that a certain linguistic element may reasonably be traced to more than one etymological origin in some cases.

关 键 词：库藏聚变 库藏裂变 母语人识解 汉语 汉字 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]