条件类“有+N+VP”和性状领属类“有+VP+的+N”对名词的选择限制及焦点调节功能  

Noun selection restrictions and focus adjustment function of the conditional type“you+N+VP”and the trait possessive type“you+VP+de+N”

作　　者：尹常乐 YIN Changle

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学教师教育学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2025年第2期224-239,共16页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：北京语言大学院级项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金,项目批准号:23YJ040005);澳门大学讲座教授研究与发展基金(项目编号:CPG2024-00005-FAH);启动研究基金(项目编号:SRG2022-00011-FAH)的资助。

摘　　要：本文研究条件类“有+N+VP”(A类)和性状领属类“有+VP+的+N”(B类)两种特殊的“有”字句对名词的选择限制及焦点调节功能。研究发现,两类“有”字句对名词选择限制的差异表现在:结果类、过程类事件属性名词和单义面内容义名词可以进入B类“有”字句,但不能进入A类“有”字句。两类“有”字句中,事件属性名词的语义结构为N和VP的语义联系提供了基础。说话人采用A类“有”字句这样的连动结构,通过事件属性名词的隐含谓词在其后释放事件论元,把“有+VP+的+N”的定语置于句末自然焦点位置,实现了焦点调节。此外,文章还借鉴事件属性名词的概念分析了A类“有”字句和“有N地VP”的差别。This paper studies the restrictions on the selection of nouns and the focus adjustment function of two special you(‘have')sentences:the conditional type“you+N+VP”(type A)and the trait possessive type“you+VP+de+N”(type B).The differences in the noun selection restrictions between these two types of you sentences are as follows:result and process event attribute nouns,and content nouns with a single meaning facet cannot appear in type A you sentences,but can appear in type B you sentences.The semantic structure of event attribute nouns provides the basis for the semantic connection between N and VP in the two types of you sentences.The speaker uses the type A you sentence to release the event arguments by the implied predicates of event attribute nouns,thus put the attributive VP of“you+VP+de+N”in the position of natural focus at the end of the sentence.This paper also analyzes the differences between the type A you-sentence and the“you N de VP”structure.

关 键 词：“有”字句 事件属性名词 名词的选择限制 焦点调节 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语] H146.3