2021—2023年四川省棘球蚴病监测结果分析  

Surveillance of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2023

作　　者：廖沙[1] 张仲双 杨柳 喻文杰[1] 何伟[1] 张光葭 姚人新 李汭芮 黄燕[1] 王谦[1] LIAO Sha;ZHANG Zhongshuang;YANG Liu;YU Wenjie;HE Wei;ZHANG Guangjia;YAO Renxin;LI Ruirui;HUANG Yan;WANG Qian(Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志》2025年第1期14-19,共6页Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：四川省科技计划(2023YFS0221)。

摘　　要：目的了解2021—2023年四川省棘球蚴病疫情趋势变化,为后续防控措施制定提供参考。方法按照《全国包虫病监测方案(2020年版)》在四川省35个不同分类棘球蚴病流行县开展监测。Ⅰ、Ⅱ类县采用随机整群抽样选定区域作为监测点,完成不少于1000人的超声筛查,监测点5年内不重复;Ⅲ类县在县级医院对就诊人群进行超声筛查;各县随机抽取1~5所小学开展学生筛查(Ⅰ、Ⅱ类县500人,Ⅲ类县1500人)。监测县的流行乡每个行政村随机采集家犬粪样10份,Ⅰ类县在定居点周边或乡村级公路两侧随机采集野外犬科动物粪样200份,采用免疫学方法检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原。在监测县集中屠宰场或散宰点检查本地牛50~300头或羊100~500只,在混合流行县不同乡镇捕捉500只小型哺乳动物,采用触检法、剖检法了解宿主患病情况。在监测县采用问卷调查了解300名学生的棘球蚴病防治知识知晓及健康行为情况。各组率的比较采用卡方检验。结果2021—2023年四川省监测点共筛查170881人,总患病率为0.328%(561/170881),其中2021—2023年患病率分别为0.334%(209/62639)、0.458%(257/56103)、0.182%(95/52139),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=62.94,P<0.01)。2021—2023年新患者检出率分别为3.19/10万、0、1.92/10万,差异无统计学意义(Fisher值=1.62,P>0.05)。2021—2023年筛查小学生77308人,未检出棘球蚴病新患者。2021—2023年,多房棘球蚴病患病率(0.181%,310/170881)高于细粒棘球蚴病(0.132%,226/170881)(χ^(2)=13.19,P<0.01),女性患病率为(0.395%,360/91102)高于男性(0.252%,210/79779)(χ^(2)=22.66,P<0.01),不同年龄段、不同地区患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=77.74、261.54,P<0.01)。2021—2023年家犬粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率分别为0.50%(133/26450)、0.38%(108/28264)、0.24%(72/29847),呈现逐年降低的趋势(χ^(2)=26.19,P<0.01);野外犬科动物粪棘球绦虫抗原阳性率分别为1.60%(37/2312)、0.40%(11/2720)�Objective To identity the dynamic changes of echinococcosis in Sichuan Province,and to provide reference for further prevention and control.Methods According to the National Echinococcosis Disease Surveillance Plan(2020 Edition),surveillance work was conducted in 35 different classified echinococcosis-endemic counties in Si-chuan Province.In counties of typesⅠandⅡ,random cluster sampling method was used to select surveillance vil-lages.Ultrasonographic examination was carried out to screen no less than 1000 people.In typeⅢcounties,all out-patients of the ultrasound department in the county-level hospitals were included in the surveillance of echinococcosis.One to five primary schools were randomly selected in each county to conduct student ultrasonographic screening(500 students in counties of typesⅠandⅡ,1500 students in typeⅢcounties).All fecal samples detected by immuno-logical method,including 10 domestic dog feces of each village in endemic towns and 200 canine feces around settle-ments or on both sides of rural roads.Each county was required to monitor 50-300 yaks or 100-500 sheep in cen-tralized or scattered slaughterhouses,while the counties endemic with alveolar echinococcosis were required to capture 500 small mammals in mixed endemic counties.And the echinococcosis infections in viscera of intermediate hosts were identified by touching detection or autopsy methods.Questionnaires were used to investigate 300 students’knowledge and health behavior development regarding to echinococcosis control in each county.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates.Results From 2021 to 2023,a total of 170881 people were screened in surveillance villages of Sichuan Province,with a total prevalence rate of 0.328%(561/170881).The prevalence rates from 2021 to 2023 were 0.334%(209/62639),0.458%(257/56103),and 0.182%(95/52139),respectively,with statistically signifi-cant differences(χ^(2)=62.94,P<0.01).The detection rates of new patients from 2021 to 2023 were 3.19/100000,0,and 1.92/100000,respectively,wit

关 键 词：棘球蚴病 监测 四川省 

分 类 号：R532.32[医药卫生—内科学]