1990—2021年中国5~19岁人群营养缺乏性疾病负担分析  

Analysis on the disease burden of nutritional deficiencies among people aged 5-19 years in China,1990-2021

作　　者：仇玉洁 龙政 刘爱玲 QIU Yujie;LONG Zheng;LIU Ailing(National Institute of Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,100050 [2]首都医科大学宣武医院

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2025年第1期17-22,共6页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的分析1990—2021年中国5~19岁人群营养缺乏性疾病负担变化状况,为进一步调整和完善我国儿童精准营养干预策略提供科学依据。方法利用2021年全球疾病负担数据对1990年与2021年中国5~19岁人群营养缺乏性疾病的患病和伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years,DALY)等指标进行趋势和现状分析,采用Joinpoint 5.0软件计算平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)。结果1990—2021年,5~19岁人群营养缺乏性疾病的患病率和DALY率均呈现下降趋势(AAPC<0,P<0.001)。2021年5~19岁女性的患病数及患病率均高于男性。5~19岁男性DALY数和DALY率均随年龄增长明显下降,女性DALY数虽有所下降,但DALY率在15~19岁年龄段出现升高。维生素A缺乏是5~<10岁和10~<15岁人群中患病率最高的疾病,为2785.76/10万和2685.59/10万。缺铁性贫血在15~19岁人群中患病率最高,为3503.09/10万。5~19岁人群缺铁性贫血的DALY率高于其他营养缺乏性疾病。结论1990—2021年,中国5~19岁人群营养缺乏性疾病负担逐渐下降,缺铁性贫血和维生素A缺乏是最主要的营养缺乏性疾病,微量营养素缺乏应作为营养改善策略的重点关注内容。Objective To analyze the changes of disease burden of nutritional deficiencies among people aged 5-19years in China from 1990 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for modifying and optimizing nutrition intervention strategies for Chinese children.Methods By using the global burden of disease(GBD 2021)data,we analyzed the trends and current situation of prevalence and disability adjusted life years(DALY)of nutritional deficiencies among different groups in 1990 and2021.The Joinpoint 5.0 software was used to calculate the average annual percent change(AAPC).Results From 1990 to2021,the prevalence rate and DALY rate of people aged 5-19 years showed decreasing trend(AAPC<0,P<0.001).The number and rate of prevalence due to nutritional deficiencies in all age groups in females were higher than those in males.For DALY,both the number and rate decreased significantly with age in males aged 5-19 years old,while the number decreased in females but the rate appeared to be elevated in the age group of 15-19 years.The rate of vitamin A deficiency was highest among individuals aged 5-<10 and 10-<15 years,with prevalence rates of 2785.76 and 2685.59 per 100000.The rate of iron deficiency anemia was highest among people aged 15-19,with prevalence rate of 3503.09/100000.DALY rate of Iron deficiency anemia was significantly higher than other nutritional deficiencies in all age categories.Conclusions The disease burden of nutritional deficiencies gradually declined from 1990 to 2021 among people aged 5-19 years in China.Iron deficiency anemia and vitamin A deficiency were the most important nutritional deficiencies,and micronutrient deficiencies should be key concern in nutritional improvement strategies.

关 键 词：营养缺乏性疾病 患病率 伤残调整寿命年 疾病负担 

分 类 号：R591[医药卫生—内科学]