北京市中小学生贫血状况及相关因素分析  

Analysis on status of anemia and its related factors among primary and secondary school students in Beijing

作　　者：黄梨煜[1] 郭丹丹[1] 喻颖杰[1] 余晓辉[1] 张炎[1] 马蕊[1] 于博 何海蓉 姚一泓 段佳丽[1] HUANG Liyu;GUO Dandan;YU Yingjie;YU Xiaohui;ZHANG Yan;MA Rui;YU Bo;HE Hairong;YAO Yihong;DUAN Jiali(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,100013

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2025年第1期23-29,共7页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市中小学生贫血状况及相关因素,为相关部门制定有针对性的干预策略和措施提供依据。方法基于2022—2023年北京市学生营养素养调查数据,纳入14181名3~12年级学生为研究对象。采用均数±标准差(x±s)来描述血红蛋白水平,率(%)来描述贫血情况,采用独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析比较两组和多组间血红蛋白水平的差异,卡方检验比较不同组间贫血率的差异;采用多因素logistic回归分析贫血的相关因素。结果北京市3~12年级学生血红蛋白均值为(140.48±13.23)g/L,贫血率为2.26%,男生(1.90%)低于女生(2.62%),城区(3.28%)高于郊区(1.73%),且随着学段的增加贫血率增加。多因素logistic回归分析显示,以男生、小学(3~6年级)、郊区为参照,女生(OR=1.357,95%CI:1.078~1.708)、初中(OR=4.119,95%CI:2.869~5.914)、高中(OR=6.492,95%CI:4.526~9.311)、城区(OR=1.877,95%CI:1.493~2.361)的学生贫血的风险更高(P均<0.05)。结论北京市中小学生贫血仍存在,尤其是女生、初高中学生及城区学生发生贫血的风险更高,需引起相关部门的重视,积极开展监测和有针对性的干预。Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia and its related factors among primary and middle school students in Beijing,and to provide evidence for the development of targeted intervention strategies and measures.Methods Based on the data of Beijing Students'Nutrition Literacy Survey in 2022-2023,a total of 14181 students in Grade 3rd-12th were included in the study.The mean±standard deviation(x±s)was used to describe the hemoglobin level,and the rate was used to describe the anemia.Independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the differences in hemoglobin levels between two groups and multiple groups,and chi-square test was used to compare the differences in anemia rates between different groups.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of anemia.Results The average level of hemoglobin was(140.48±13.23)g/L,and the prevalence of anemia was 2.26%.The prevalence of anemia was lower in boys(1.90%)than in girls(2.62%),and higher in urban(3.28%)than in suburban(1.73%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed boys,primary Grade 3rd to 6th,suburban areas as reference,girls(OR=1.357,95%CI:1.078-1.708),junior high schools(OR=4.119,95%CI:2.869-5.914),senior high schools(OR=6.492,95%CI:4.526-9.311)and urban students(OR=1.877,95%CI:1.493-2.361)had higher risk of anemia(all P<0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of anemia still existed among primary and middle school students in Beijing,especially girls,junior and senior high school students and urban students.It is necessary to pay attention to the related departments and carry out active surveillance and targeted intervention.

关 键 词：中小学生 贫血 血红蛋白 

分 类 号：R725.5[医药卫生—儿科]