2012—2022年北京市朝阳区7岁以下儿童健康状况变化趋势  

Time changing trends of health status among children under 7 years in Chaoyang district of Beijing,2012-2022

作　　者：王思喆 罗佳 唐友池 WANG Sizhe;LUO Jia;TANG Youchi(Beijing Chaoyang District Maternal and Health Care Hospital,Bejing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市朝阳区妇幼保健院,100021

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2025年第1期45-50,共6页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的分析2012—2022年北京市朝阳区7岁以下儿童营养状况、贫血、龋齿、视力低常的检出情况及变化趋势,掌握7岁以下儿童生长发育相关问题和口腔保健、视力保健状况,为儿童健康状况改善相关政策与措施的制定提供参考。方法采用北京市朝阳区儿童保健年报数据,对2012—2022年本区7岁以下儿童健康状态进行分析,采用卡方趋势检验分析全区儿童健康状态随时间改变的变化趋势。结果11年间,低体重检出率为0.10%(2013年和2015年)~0.15%(2021年),生长迟缓检出率为0.11%(2015年)~0.19%(2018年),肥胖检出率为2.69%(2012年)~3.37%(2013年),视力低常检出率为4.13%(2022年)~5.88%(2021年),均未呈现明显变化趋势。消瘦检出率最低为0.13%(2012年)、最高为0.30%(2021年),龋齿检出率最低为12.73%(2015年)、最高为16.25%(2019年),总体呈现随时间上升趋势(χ_(消瘦)^(2)=6.688,χ_(龋齿)^(2)=3.919,P均<0.05);贫血检出率最高为2.15%(2013年)、最低为0.96%(2022年),本市户籍儿童龋齿矫治率最高为74.87%(2015年)、最低为62.32%(2021年),总体呈现随时间下降趋势(本市χ龋齿矫治2=6.729,P均<0.05);本市户籍儿童与外埠户籍儿童在变化趋势上基本一致,略有差异。结论消瘦和龋齿检出率上升、龋齿矫治率下降是近年北京市朝阳区儿童保健工作面临的主要问题。Objective To analyze the detection rate and changing trends of health status,included nutritional status,anemia,dental caries,and low vision among children under 7 years in Chaoyang district of Beijing from 2012 to 2022,and to provide reference for the development of policies and interventions aimed at improving health outcomes of young children.Methods The Child Health Annual Report system was accessed to analyze the health status of children under 7 years in Chaoyang district of Beijing from 2012 to 2022,and chi-square trend test was used to analyze the changing trend of the health status of children enrolled in the region.Results Over 11 years,the low weight detection rate was 0.10%in 2013 and 2015,and 0.15%in 2021.The growth retardation detection rate ranged from 0.11%in 2015 to 0.19%in 2018.Obesity detection rates were between 2.69%in 2012 and 3.37%in 2013.The low vision detection rate was from 4.13%in 2022 to 5.88%in2021.None of these indicators showed a significant trend of change.The lowest and highest detection rates of wasting and dental caries were 0.13%(2012),0.30%(2021),12.73%(2015),16.25%(2019),respectively,with an overall upward trend over time(χ_(wasting)^(2)=6.688,χ_(dertal caries)^(2)=3.919,all P<0.05).The lowest and highest detection rates of anemia and local children dental cavity treatment were 0.96%(2022),2.15%(2013),63.32%(2021),74.87%(2015),respectively,with a decreasing trend over time(χ_(anemia)^(2)=3.953,χ_(dental cavity treatment)^(2)=6.729,P<0.05).The changing trends of local children and migrant children showed same trend basically.Conclusions The increasing trend of wasting and dental caries and the decreasing trend of dental cavity treatment are the main problems currently in children's health care in Chaoyang District of Beijing.

关 键 词：儿童健康 营养状况 龋齿 贫血 视力低常 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]