基于前桥动力学模型的前轴寿命评估方法  

A life evaluation methed for front axle based on front axle dynamics model

作　　者：冯金芝[1,2,3] 桑武壮 张东东 李亮亮[4] 刘新荣 赵礼辉 FENG Jinzhi;SANG Wuzhuang;ZHANG Dongdong;LI Liangliang;LIU Xinrong;ZHAO Lihui(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;CMIF Key Laboratory for Strength and Reliability Evaluation of Automotive Structures,Shanghai 200093,China;Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Reliability Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles,Shanghai 200093,China;Technology Center,Yihe Axle Co.,Ltd.,Zhucheng 262200,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海200093 [2]机械工业汽车机械零部件强度与可靠性评价重点实验室,上海200093 [3]上海市新能源汽车可靠性评价专业技术服务平台,上海200093 [4]义和车桥有限公司技术中心,诸城262200

出　　处：《机械强度》2025年第4期9-19,共11页Journal of Mechanical Strength

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51705322)。

摘　　要：针对车桥等零部件企业难以获取零部件耐久性试验规范的局限,提出一种前桥动力学模型驱动载荷构建方法,为前轴系统级台架试验与寿命验证奠定基础。基于整车动力学模型与实测道路载荷获取前轴寿命,以其过程及结果为参考,进行前桥模型驱动信号迭代。首先,对实测轮心六分力进行频带调整;其次,以前轴在各工况下的损伤/寿命与参考值差值最小为目标,结合响应面法与遗传算法对轮心三向力幅值调整系数进行优化,优化后的轮心三向力与其余三向力矩构成了前桥模型驱动信号。仿真结果表明,采用构建的轮心驱动信号进行前桥模型动态载荷模拟,获取的前轴寿命、风险点失效顺序以及各路况对危险点的损伤贡献比等都与参考结果具有较好的一致性,验证了提出方法的有效性,可为系统级台架耐久性试验的驱动信号构建与零部件寿命评估提供参考。最后,经过损伤主导载荷修正后,轴管损伤分布也与参考结果一致。In view of the difficulty of obtaining durability test specifications for axle components,a method of constructing driving load of the front axle dynamic model was proposed to provide the input for system-level bench test and life verification of front axle components.The life of front axle was obtained based on the whole vehicle dynamics model and the measured road load,and the useful information and life prediction results in the above process were employed to guide the construction of driving load applied on front axle.Firstly,the frequency band of the measured six-component forces at the wheel center was adjusted.Then,with the goal of minimizing the difference between the damage/life of the front axle and the reference value under each working condition,the adjustment coefficient of the amplitude of the three-way forces at the wheel center was optimized by combining the response surface method and genetic algorithm.The optimized three-way forces at the wheel center and the other three-way torques constituted the driving signal of the front axle model.The results show that the constructed wheel center drive signal is used to simulate the dynamic load of the front axle model.The life of the front axle,the failure sequence of risk points and the damage contribution ratio of various road conditions to dangerous points are obtained and in good agreement with the reference results,which verified the effectiveness of the proposed method and provided reference for the drive signal construction and component life evaluation of system-level bench durability test.Finally,the damage distribution of the front axle can be consistent with the reference results by modifying the main damage load of the shaft tube.

关 键 词：前桥动力学模型 前轴寿命 响应面法 动态载荷模拟 台架试验 

分 类 号：U463.1[机械工程—车辆工程]