市场势力、消费特征和价格歧视——基于消费者保护的视角  

Market Power,Consumer Heterogeneity and Price Discrimination

作　　者：刘大鹏 邹干 应珊珊 DAPENG LIU;GAN ZOU;SHANSHAN YING(Post-doctoral Station of Bank of Suzhou;Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;Anhui State-owned Assets and Enterprises Research Institute;Shanghai Development Research Institute,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]苏州银行博士后科研工作站 [2]上海财经大学博士后科研流动站 [3]安徽国资国企研究院 [4]上海财经大学上海发展研究院

出　　处：《产业经济评论》2025年第2期156-169,共14页Review of Industrial Economics

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“互联网企业大数据‘杀熟’的理论机制和政策研究”(批准号:2022EJB008);国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于消费者有限理性的企业竞争策略研究:前景理论的视角”(批准号:71803123)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：价格歧视会损害消费者福利的观点已深入人心,但研究发现,竞争性价格歧视总体上会损害企业利润并带来消费者福利的增加。同时,在考虑企业不对称和消费者价格敏感差异下,本文发现,当消费者信息被企业完全获得,完全价格歧视是唯一的纳什均衡。企业的市场势力差异、消费者的价格敏感度差异是打破“囚徒困境”的关键。从消费者保护的角度出发,完全价格歧视必然会提升高价格敏感型消费者福利,在某些情形下会损害低价格敏感型消费者福利,甚至损害总体消费者福利。Under the assumption of both corporate asymmetry and consumer price-sensitive differences,this paper analyzes corporate pricing strategies based on consumer information protection and information leakage scenarios by constructing a game model.Further starting from the maximization of consumer welfare,this paper analyzes the consumer information protection strategies set by the government based on different market environments.Specifically,when consumer information is fully obtained by the enterprise,perfect price discrimination is the only Nash equilibrium.The difference in market power and consumer sensitivity is the key to breaking the“prisoner’s dilemma”.The higher the market power of a company and the more consumers with low price sensitivity,the greater the profit of a company under perfect price discrimination.From the perspective of consumer protection,price discrimination will inevitably increase the welfare of highly price-sensitive consumers.When there are large differences in market power and a large proportion of low-price-sensitive consumers,it will harm the welfare of low-price-sensitive consumers,and even harm the overall Consumer welfare.Therefore,the price discrimination should not be completely banned across the board,but should be analyzed in detail based on the specific market structure and consumer characteristics.When companies are strong and consumers are not price sensitive,the government should prevent companies from using consumer information to set discriminatory prices;conversely,they can allow companies to use big data to impose personal pricing on consumers.

关 键 词：市场势力 消费者特征 价格歧视 福利分析 

分 类 号：F713.3[经济管理—产业经济] F713.5