壬辰战争后的东亚局势与明日关系  

The Post-Imjin War Situation in East Asia and Relations between the Ming Dynasty and Japan

作　　者：刘晓东 孙喆 Liu Xiaodong;Sun Zhe

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院,广东广州510631 [2]东北师范大学历史文化学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2025年第3期110-121,282,共13页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大历史问题研究专项(23VLS012);文化名家暨“四个一批”人才自主选题项目(1802006)。

摘　　要：壬辰战争后,东亚三国基于自身利益需求,开始在外交层面对遭受破坏的区域秩序体系进行新的梳理与交涉。这些看似相对孤立的对外交涉,实际上错综复杂地交织在一起,其中明日关系无疑是隐含于背后的核心所在。丰臣秀吉对朝鲜的侵略,使明朝与日本的外交关系基本断绝。随着日本政权更替及德川幕府的示好,明朝对日本的态度呈现出缓和趋势,并对“通信使外交”及釜山开市采取了默认、支持的态度,从外围层面对日本予以间接回应。萨摩入侵琉球,使有所缓和的明日关系再度紧张,也令德川幕府利用“董伯起事件”谋求恢复朝贡关系的意图未能达成。在度过政权统治危机后,德川幕府通过降格明朝外交地位等“去中心化”的方式,谋求树立日本的主导地位,使双方关系失去了进一步斡旋的可能性。所谓的“日本型华夷秩序”从根本上说是对中国传统华夷秩序的一种移植,其既无法克服旧有体系的缺陷,又缺乏相应的伦理性与柔韧度,自然也不可能为前近代东亚的区域秩序开创出新的局面。After the Imjin War,the three countries,based on their respective interests,began to reorganize and negotiate the disrupted regional order at the diplomatic level in East Asia.These seemingly isolated diplomatic negotiations were,in fact,intricately intertwined.Toyotomi Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea led to the breakdown of diplomatic relations between the Ming Dynasty and Japan.With the change of power in Japan,the Ming Dynasty's attitude toward Japan began to ease,approving and supporting the Tuxinsi diplomacy and the opening of Busan,which indirectly responded to Japan from the periphery.However,the Satsuma invasion of Ryukyu once again strained relations and hindered the Tokugawa bakufu's attempt to restore the tributary relationship through the Dongboqi Incident.After overcoming the political crisis,the Tokugawa bakufu sought to establish Japan's regional order by downgrading the diplomatic status of the Ming Dynasty.Japan's regional order was fundamentally a transplantation of the traditional Chinese system.It not only failed to overcome the flaws of the old system but also lacked ethical foundations and flexibility,thus failing to create a new situation for the East Asian world.

关 键 词：壬辰战争 “通信使外交” 釜山开市 琉球问题 东亚 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D829[历史地理—中国史]