构网型直驱风机的主动频率支撑控制策略  

Active frequency support control strategy for grid-forming direct-drive wind turbines

作　　者：刘尊祝 程志江 王维庆 宋贝多 LIU Zunzhu;CHENG Zhijiang;WANG Weiqing;SONG Beiduo(Engineering Research Center of Renewable Energy Power Generation and Grid-Connected Technology,Ministry of Education,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学可再生能源发电与并网技术教育部工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《电力工程技术》2025年第2期23-33,共11页Electric Power Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52067020);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项资助项目(2022A01004-1)。

摘　　要：高比例风力发电使用大量的电力电子装置接入电网,不具备传统同步发电机的惯性响应特性,因此在外界扰动时难以维持系统频率的稳定性。构网型直驱风机采用虚拟同步控制方式运行,在扰动时不受锁相环的影响,能够给系统提供频率支撑。针对虚拟同步控制下,构网型直驱风机在受到外部扰动时出现的频率和功率波动较大的问题,文中提出一种基于惯量和阻尼自适应的主动频率支撑控制策略。首先,建立风机系统的数学模型和小信号模型;其次,利用特征根轨迹分析,探讨网侧控制环节中关键参数对系统频率响应特性的影响,进而提出参数自适应调节的频率支撑控制策略;最后,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,验证小信号建模的准确性和所提控制策略的有效性。仿真结果证明,所设计的控制策略能够有效降低系统在扰动下的频率和功率波动幅度。A high proportion of wind power generation is integrated into the grid through power electronic devices,which lack the inertial response of traditional synchronous generators.This limitation makes it challenging to maintain system frequency stability under external disturbances.Grid-forming direct-drive wind turbines operate with virtual synchronous control,enabling frequency support without interference from the phase-locked loop.To mitigate significant frequency and power fluctuations in grid-forming direct-drive wind turbines under virtual synchronous control,an active frequency support control strategy with adaptive inertia and damping is proposed.Firstly,mathematical model and small-signal model of the wind turbine system are established.Key parameters in the grid-side control loop are analyzed using characteristic root locus analysis to evaluate the impact on system frequency response.Based on this analysis,a parameter-adaptive frequency support control strategy is formulated.The validity of the small-signal model and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified through simulations on the MATLAB/Simulink platform.The results indicate that the proposed strategy effectively mitigates the frequency and power fluctuations induced by disturbances in the system.

关 键 词：风力发电系统 构网型直驱风机 虚拟同步控制 小信号模型 特征根轨迹分析 自适应惯量 主动频率支撑策略 

分 类 号：TM761[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]