甘孜州无刺(少刺)花椒类型表型性状的综合评价  

The comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of thornless(less thorny)Zanthoxylum bungeanum types in Ganzi prefecture

作　　者：唐亚 李黎 王海峰 龚霞 温铿 曾攀 TANG Ya;LI Li;WANG Haifeng;GONG Xia;WEN Keng;ZEN Pan(Sichuan Provincial Institute of Agricultural Characteristic Plants,Zizhong 641200,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业特色植物研究院,四川资中641200

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期40-48,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：四川花椒创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-23);四川省科技厅基本科研业务费项目(24JBKY02);雅安市创建国家现代农业产业科技创新中心“揭榜挂帅”项目(kczx2023-2025-20);四川省院所科技成果转化项目(2024ZHYS0031)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出适宜在四川南部地区海拔1700~2400 m高山地带种植的无刺(少刺)花椒。【方法】以甘孜州境内调查获取的11份无刺(少刺)花椒为材料,对其生长环境、表型性状进行调查记录,然后采用主成分分析和聚类分析法对主要表型性状进行综合分析。【结果】在19个性状指标中,单位长度有刺枝段皮刺数量的变异系数最大,为127.27%,是差异最大的性状指标;果径的变异系数最小,为11.16%,其性状差异最小。KD-3和YJ-5的单位长度有刺枝段皮刺数量最少,为0;KD-3的无刺枝段比例最高,为100%;YJ-2的皮刺最小;YJ-4平均果径最大,为5.7 mm;KD-5平均每穗结实数量最多,为78.80;YJ-4的鲜果千粒质量和干制千粒皮质量均最大,分别为111.19、21.70 g;KD-1的顶叶面积和小叶面积最大,叶片最厚。通过对19个表型性状进行主成分分析,提取出5个主成分,其累计贡献率达到90.615%。综合得分排名前3位的依次为YJ-4、YJ-3、KD-1。通过聚类分析将11份无刺(少刺)花椒材料分为3类。YJ-4、YJ-3聚为结实性状较好类,KD-1与KD-3、YJ-1、YJ-2聚为结实性状中等类,其余参试材料与CK聚为一类,该结果与表型性状综合得分排名较一致。【结论】YJ-4、YJ-3、KD-1在果实的丰产性和采摘的便捷程度等方面均具有优势,综合性状表现较好,适宜进行培育和推广。【Objective】In order to screen out the thornless(less thorny)peppercorns suitable for planting in the alpine zone of 1700-2400 m above sea level in southern Sichuan.【Method】Eleven(less thorny)peppercorns obtained from the survey in Ganzi prefecture were used as materials thornless to investigate and record their growth environment and phenotypic traits,and then the main phenotypic traits were comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】Among 19 trait indicators,the coefficient of variation of the number of thorns per unit length of thorny branches was the largest,which was 127.27%,which was the trait index with the largest difference.The coefficient of variation of fruit diameter was the smallest,which was 11.16%,and the difference in its traits was the smallest.KD-3 and YJ-5 had the lowest number of bark spines per unit length of thorny branches,which was 0 pieces/cm.KD-3 had the highest proportion of thornless branches,which was 100%.YJ-2 had the smallest skin spines,and YJ-4 had the largest average fruit diameter of 5.7 mm.KD-5 had the highest average number of seeds per panicle,which was 78.80,and YJ-4 had the highest 1000-grain mass and dried 1000-seedcase mass,which were 111.19 g and 21.70 g,respectively.KD-1 had the largest parietal leaf area and leaflet area and thickest leaves,and 5 principal components were extracted from the principal component analysis of 19 agronomic traits,and their cumulative contribution rate reached 90.615%.The top three comprehensive scores were YJ-4,YJ-3 and KD-1,and the 11 thornless(less thorny)Zanthoxylum bungeanum materials were divided into three categories by cluster analysis,with YJ-4 and YJ-3 clustered as the best group of firm traits,KD-1 and KD-3,YJ-1 and YJ-2 clustered into the middle category of firm traits,and the rest of the tested materials were clustered into one category with CK,which was consistent with the final ranking obtained by principal component analysis.【Conclusion】YJ-4,YJ-3 and KD-1 had advantage

关 键 词：花椒 无刺(少刺) 表型性状 主成分分析 聚类分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S602.4[农业科学—园艺学]