贵州省2个主栽花椒品种对缺水胁迫的响应  

Response of two major Zanthoxylum bungeanum cultivars in Guizhou Province to water deficit

作　　者：邓全恩 郭之燕 段洪浪 冯世静 罗红 DENG Quan’en;GUO Zhiyan;DUAN Honglang;FENG Shijing;LUO Hong(Forestry College,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Institute for Forest Resources&Environment of Guizhou,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China,Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省林业科学研究院西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期60-69,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(32260410);贵州大学人才引进项目(X2022077);贵州省特色林业产业科研项目(特林研2020-22);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合服企[2023]009);贵州省林业科学研究院项目(贵林科合[2024]13号)。

摘　　要：【目的】加速贵州省花椒栽培良种化进程和提升花椒栽培管理技术,保障贵州省花椒产业健康发展。【方法】以贵州省本土品种顶坛花椒和引进品种九叶青花椒为材料,设置对照组、轻度缺水胁迫、重度缺水胁迫3个水分梯度进行胁迫试验,土壤含水量分别为不小于75%、50%~75%、不大于50%。测定不同缺水胁迫程度下2个花椒品种的生长量、叶片解剖结构,以及成熟叶片的净光合速率、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性,并综合评价2个花椒品种的抗旱生理响应能力。【结果】随着缺水胁迫程度的加剧,2个品种的生长量均受到抑制,其中九叶青花椒表现较好,解剖结构变化呈现相似规律。随着缺水胁迫程度加剧,2个品种的净光合速率总体均呈现下降趋势,九叶青表现较好。缺水胁迫60~69 d后,对照组、轻度缺水胁迫组、重度缺水胁迫组顶坛花椒的净光合速率分别下降32.5%、55.6%、60.6%,九叶青花椒的净光合速率分别下降12.5%、42.8%、72.8%,光合色素含量变化规律和净光合速率一致。随着缺水胁迫程度的加剧,SOD、CAT、POD活性分别呈现先升高后降低、先降低后升高、逐渐升高的变化趋势,2个品种的趋势一致,但九叶青花椒酶活性的变化幅度更大。主成分分析结果显示叶片厚度、净光合速率、叶绿素b含量、SOD活性等指标对花椒的抗旱能力有显著影响。综合评价结果显示,九叶青和顶坛花椒的抗旱指数分别为0.872、0.668。【结论】在轻度缺水胁迫下2个花椒品种的抗旱性差异不明显,但重度缺水胁迫条件下,九叶青花椒的抗旱能力强于顶坛花椒。因此九叶青花椒具有作为抗旱育种改良材料的潜力。【Objective】To accelerate the process of varieties improvement of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Guizhou province and enhance the management technology of Z.bungeanum cultivation to ensure the healthy development of the Z.bungeanum industry in Guizhou province.【Method】Water gradient stress was applied to the seedlings of local variety Dingtanhuajiao and introduced variety Jiuyeqinghuajiao,with soil moisture content≥75%(control group),50%-75%(mild drought),and≤50%(severe drought).After treatment,the following indicators of the two Z.bungeanum varieties under different degrees of water deficit were measured.The seedlings growth and leaf anatomical structure.The net photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content of mature leaves.Antioxidant enzyme activity of mature leaves.Comprehensive evaluation of the drought resistance physiological response ability of two Z.bungeanum varieties by analyzing the above indicators.【Result】With the deepening of drought stress,the growth of both Z.bungeanum varieties was inhibited,among which the Jiuyeqinghuajiao performed better,and its anatomical structure showed similar patterns.As the degree of drought deepens,the net photosynthetic rate of both varieties of Z.bungeanum showed an overall downward trend.After 60-69 days of drought stress,the control group,mild drought,and severe drought of Dingtanhuajiao decreased by 32.5%,55.6%,and 60.6%,respectively.The control group,mild drought,and severe drought of Jiuyeqinghuajiao decreased by 12.5%,42.8%,and 72.8%,respectively.The change pattern of photosynthetic pigment content was consistent with the net photosynthetic rate.With the deepening of water deficit,three antioxidant enzymes of SOD,CAT,and POD showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,first decreasing then increasing,and gradually increasing,respectively.The trend of the two Z.bungeanum varieties was consistent,but the change amplitude of Jiuyeqing was higher.Principal component analysis showed that leaf thickness,net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll b,superoxide

关 键 词：贵州省 花椒 缺水胁迫 解剖结构 生理指标 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学]