3个冬枣品种(系)叶片形态与光合特性的初步比较  

Comparison of leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of three Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Dongzao varieties(lines)

作　　者：杜从艳 舒秀阁 杨蕾 梁静[2] 刘国利 王中堂[4] 张琼[4] 张春梅 赵登超[2] DU Congyan;SHU Xiuge;YANG Lei;LIANG Jing;LIU Guoli;WANG Zhongtang;ZHANG Qiong;ZHANG Chunmei;ZHAO Dengchao(College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong,China;Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;Wudi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Binzhou 251900,Shandong,China;Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [3]无棣县农业技术推广中心,山东滨州251900 [4]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期86-93,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2023LZGC016)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究3个冬枣品种(系)在叶片形态与光合特性方面的差异,为冬枣优良品种(系)的选育提供理论依据。【方法】以‘润阳早红’‘润阳美红’和‘鲁北冬枣’的高接植株为试材,分别测定枝叶形态特征、SPAD值、叶片的光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及光响应曲线特征参数,并对所测数据进行单因素检验。【结果】1)‘润阳早红’和‘鲁北冬枣’的枝叶形态特征无显著性差异,二者的枣头枝长度、枣吊叶片数、叶片长度、叶周长、叶形指数均显著高于‘润阳美红’;3个品种(系)间的枣吊长度、叶面积、SPAD差异均不显著。2)‘润阳早红’和‘鲁北冬枣’的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度均无显著性差异,而‘润阳美红’的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度显著高于‘润阳早红’和‘鲁北冬枣’;3个品种(系)的水分利用效率由大到小为‘润阳早红’‘鲁北冬枣’‘润阳美红’。3)光照强度在0~1200μmol/(m^(2)·s)时,3个冬枣品种(系)对光合有效辐射的响应曲线基本一致,净光合速率随着光合有效辐射升高而增加,之后随着光合有效辐射的增加‘润阳早红’在光合有效辐射达饱和点后趋于平缓,而‘润阳美红’和‘鲁北冬枣’呈逐渐下降趋势;最大净光合速率从高到低依次为‘润阳早红’‘鲁北冬枣’‘润阳美红’,光饱和点从高到低依次为‘润阳早红’‘润阳美红’‘鲁北冬枣’,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率从高到低依次为‘润阳美红’‘润阳早红’‘鲁北冬枣’。4)‘润阳早红’的初始荧光值和最大荧光值均显著高于‘鲁北冬枣’,PSⅡ最大光化学效率、PSⅡ实际光化学效率、PSⅡ光化学淬灭系数、PSⅡ非光化学淬灭系数与‘鲁北冬枣’无显著性差异;‘润阳美红’的初始荧光值、PSⅡ实际光化学效率、PSⅡ光化学淬灭系数均显著高【Objective】To investigate the differences in leaf morphology and photosynthetic characteristics among three‘Dongzao’varieties(lines),and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and selection of superior‘Dongzao’varieties(lines).【Method】High-grafted plants of‘Runyangzaohong’,‘Runyangmeihong’,and‘Lubeidongzao’were used as experimental materials.Morphological characteristics of branches and leaves,SPAD values,photosynthetic parameters of leaves,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and characteristic parameters of light response curves were measured.Single-factor tests were conducted on the collected data.【Result】1)There were no significant differences in morphological characteristics of branches and leaves between‘Runyangzaohong’and‘Lubeidongzao’.The lengths of spur shoots,numbers of leaflets per spur,leaf lengths,leaf perimeters,and leaf shape indices of both varieties were significantly higher than those of‘Runyangmeihong’.There were no significant differences in spur lengths,leaf areas,and SPAD values among the three varieties(lines).2)There were no significant differences in net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,and intercellular CO_(2)concentration between‘Runyangzaohong’and‘Lubeidongzao’.However,these parameters were significantly higher in‘Runyangmeihong’than in‘Runyangzaohong’and‘Lubeidongzao’.The water use efficiency of the three varieties(lines),from highest to lowest,was‘Runyangzaohong’,‘Lubeidongzao’,and‘Runyangmeihong’.3)When the light intensity ranged from 0 to 1200μmol/(m^(2)·s),the response curves of the three‘Dongzao’varieties(lines)to photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)were basically consistent.The net photosynthetic rate increased with increasing PAR.However,after reaching saturation,the net photosynthetic rate of‘Runyangzaohong’tended to stabilize,while those of‘Runyangmeihong’and‘Lubeidongzao’gradually declined.The maximum net photosynthetic rate,from highest to low

关 键 词：冬枣 叶片结构 光合特性 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S722.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S665.1[农业科学—林学]