山桐子果实发育过程中油脂积累与营养物质含量的变化  

Changes in oil accumulation and nutritional component contents during Idesia polycarpa fruit development

作　　者：谢焕冬 徐自恒 陶昱含 周亚飞 岳继飞 张召增 耿晓东[1,2] 蔡齐飞[1,2] 刘震 XIE Huandong;XU Ziheng;TAO Yuhan;ZHOU Yafei;YUE Jifei;ZHANG Zhaozeng;GENG Xiaodong;CAI Qifei;LIU Zhen(College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Cultivation in Central Plains Region of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China;Palm Eco-Town Development Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学林学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学中原地区森林资源培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [3]棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期94-103,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100802)。

摘　　要：【目的】为山桐子油脂的开发利用和山桐子果实发育期的栽培管理提供理论参考。【方法】以广元种源山桐子为研究对象,测定果实在6月初盛花后至10月底成熟期间果实含水率以及种子和果肉的含油率、脂肪酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量。【结果】山桐子种子和果肉中油脂快速积累时期均为6月30日—7月30日,7月30日种子含油率达最大值(32.17%),到成熟期缓慢降至26.3%,果肉油脂含油率在7月30日为43.08%,到成熟期略微上升至45.52%。在发育过程中,种子油脂不饱和脂肪酸含量由90.26%降至89.28%,饱和脂肪酸含量由9.19%升至10.35%;果肉油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量由78.11%升至79.83%,饱和脂肪酸含量由19.49%降至19.18%。种子中可溶性糖含量的变化趋势为先升后降,在7月30日达到峰值17.45 mg/g,随后持续下降至10.80 mg/g;种子中可溶性蛋白含量的变化趋势则与之完全相反;种子中淀粉含量在前期较为稳定,从8月30日之后开始快速上升,在10月30日达到24.13%。果肉中可溶性糖含量变化幅度较小,维持在5.37~7.48 mg/g;果肉中可溶性蛋白含量的变化趋势与种子相似;果肉中淀粉含量在整个发育过程中呈现升、降、升的趋势。种子含油率与可溶性蛋白含量显著负相关(P<0.05),与可溶性糖含量呈现极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。果肉含油率与可溶性蛋白含量呈现极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与淀粉含量呈现显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。【结论】6月1日—7月30日,山桐子种子和果肉中油脂快速积累,至成熟期种子含油率有小幅度下降,而果肉含油率略微上升,最终果肉含油率高于种子。在果实发育过程中,与果肉相比种子中脂肪酸含量变化总体上更稳定。在种子油脂快速积累的过程中需要消耗大量的可溶性蛋白,前期积累的可溶性糖和淀粉在油脂快速积累时期被用于可溶性蛋白的合成,并为种子�【Objective】To provide theoretical references for the development and utilization of I.polycarpa oil and the cultivation and management of I.polycarpa during its development period.【Method】Focusing on the Guangyuan provenance of I.polycarpa,we measured the fruit moisture content,as well as the oil content,fatty acid content,soluble protein,soluble sugar,and starch content in both the seeds and the pulp.These measurements were taken during the ripening period,spanning from early June,after the peak blooming phase,to the end of October.【Result】The period of rapid accumulation for oil and fat in the seeds and flesh of I.polycarpa is from June 30th to July 30th.On July 30th,the seed oil content reached its peak at 32.17%,then gradually decreased to 26.3%as it matured.The flesh’s oil and fat content was 43.08%on July 30th,and then inched up to 45.52%during the maturation phase.During the development of seed oil,the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased from 90.26%to 89.28%,while the content of saturated fatty acids increased from 9.19%to 10.35%;The content of unsaturated fatty acids in the fruit pulp oil increased from 78.11%to 79.83%,while the content of saturated fatty acids decreased from 19.49%to 19.18%.The trend of soluble sugar in seeds is initially increasing,reaching a peak of 17.45 mg/g on July 30th,and then decreasing to 10.80 mg/g.The trend of soluble protein changes is completely opposite,while starch content remains relatively stable in the early stage,then rapidly increases from August 30th,reaching 24.13%on October 30th.Variations in the soluble sugar content within the fruit flesh are minimal,consistently ranging from 5.37 to 7.48 mg/g.The trend in soluble protein mirrors that of the seeds,and starch content exhibits a“rise-and-fall-and-rise”pattern throughout the developmental phase.The oil content in seeds exhibits a significant negative correlation with soluble protein content(P<0.05)and a highly significant positive correlation with soluble sugar content(P<0.01).The oil cont

关 键 词：山桐子 果实发育 油脂积累 营养物质 动态变化 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学] S722.1