氮肥减量配施羊粪对库尔勒香梨产量及土壤品质的影响  

Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilizer combined with sheep manure application on Korla fragrant pear yield and soil quality

作　　者：李伟 沈幸 张峰 马悦 严琳森 杨乐乐 柴仲平[1,2] LI Wei;SHEN Xing;ZHANG Feng;MA Yue;YAN Linsen;YANG Lele;CHAI Zhongping(College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Korla Fragrant Pear Research Center,Korla 841000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]库尔勒市香梨研究中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期189-202,共14页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360802);新疆现代农业产业技术体系人才培养项目(XJLGCYJSTX05-2024-03);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGGCC017);新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2021D04005)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索氮肥减量与有机肥羊粪的配施模式,解决氮肥过量问题。【方法】选取库尔勒阿瓦提农场10~12年生梨树,设置3个氮肥减量梯度(N1、N2、N3,分别较常规施肥用氮量减少10%、20%、30%)与2个有机肥配施量梯度(F1、F2,分别施用羊粪22500、33750 kg/hm^(2))组合形成的6个氮肥减量配施有机肥处理,分别记为N1F1、N2F1、N3F1、N1F2、N2F2、N3F2,以常规施肥处理(N)为对照,共7个处理,对香梨果实成熟期土壤理化性质、养分含量、酶活性与产量进行测定与分析,并探究其相互关系。【结果】与完全施氮相比,土壤有机质、碱解氮含量在N2F1处理下表现最佳;全氮、速效钾含量在N3F1、N3F2处理下能保持与N处理下一致的水平;土壤速效磷含量和电导率在N2F2处理下表现最佳;土壤pH值在N3F2处理下能明显降低并更接近中性。脲酶与硝酸还原酶活性随氮肥减施而显著下降,在N1F2处理下降幅最小;蛋白酶活性在N3F2处理下无显著降低;过氧化氢酶活性在N3F1、N3F2处理下与N处理无显著差异。香梨产量在N3F1处理下显著降低,在其他氮肥减量配施羊粪处理中均较完全施氮处理无显著变化。主成分分析结果表明,产量、土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量间均存在线性正相关关系,与土壤电导率、pH值间存在线性负相关,并在N1F1、N1F2、N2F2处理下表现最佳。【结论】确保库尔勒香梨产量稳定并维持较高土壤品质水平的推荐氮肥减量与配施羊粪方案是氮肥减量20%~30%(240~210 kg/hm^(2))配施33750 kg/hm^(2)羊粪。【Objective】The study aimed to explore the application mode of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer(sheep manure)to address the issue of excessive nitrogen fertilizer use.【Method】Conducted at the Korla Awati Farm,the study selected pear trees aged 10-12 years.It established six treatment groups through a combination of three nitrogen fertilizer reduction gradients(N1,N2,N3,representing a 10%,20%,and 30%reduction in nitrogen application compared to conventional fertilization)and two organic fertilizer application gradients(F1,F2,with sheep manure applied at 22500 and 33750 kg/hm^(2),respectively).These groups were labeled as N1F1,N2F1,N3F1,N1F2,N2F2,and N3F2.Additionally,a conventional fertilization treatment(N)was used as a control,making a total of seven treatments.The researchers measured and analyzed soil physical and chemical properties,nutrient content,enzyme activity,and yield during the fruit maturity period of fragrant pears and investigated their interrelationships.【Result】Compared to full nitrogen application,the N2F1 treatment resulted in the highest soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content.The N3F1 and N3F2 treatments maintained total nitrogen and available potassium levels comparable to those in the N treatment.The N2F2 treatment led to the highest available phosphorus content and electrical conductivity.The N3F2 treatment significantly reduced soil pH,bringing it closer to neutrality.Urease and nitrate reductase activities decreased with nitrogen reduction,with the smallest reduction occurring in the N1F2 treatment.Protease activity did not decrease significantly in the N3F2 treatment,and catalase activity in the N3F1 and N3F2 treatments showed no significant difference from the N treatment.The fragrant pear yield decreased significantly in the N3F1 treatment but showed no significant change in the other nitrogen reduction and sheep manure combination treatments compared to full nitrogen application.Principal component analysis indicated a lin

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 氮肥减量 配施羊粪 土壤酶活性 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]