干旱胁迫对4个苹果砧木幼苗光合特性的影响  

Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings of four apple rootstocks

作　　者：王朱莉 金喜丽阁 李文胜[1,2] 张萍[1,2] WANG Zhuli;Jinxilige;LI Wensheng;ZHANG Ping(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Xinjiang,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Xinjiang,Urumqi 830052,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]不详

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期203-211,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：自治区重大科技专项(2022A02003-1);新疆林果产业技术体系项目(XJLGCYJSTX04-2024)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选抗旱能力强的苹果砧木,为干旱地区苹果栽培、砧木育种及抗逆机理研究提供理论支持。【方法】本研究以1年生M7、G935、M9T337和新疆野苹果为试验材料,采用盆栽模拟干旱胁迫试验,比较4个苹果砧木资源的净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、水分利用效率(E)和气孔限制百分率(L_(s)),并利用主成分分析和隶属函数综合评价方法进行综合评价。【结果】胁迫结束时各砧木T_(r)、G_(s)和P_(n)较CK均有大幅度下降,其中G935的T_(r)、G_(s)和P_(n)降幅最大,值最低。干旱胁迫下,4个苹果砧木C_(i)间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);随着干旱时间的延长,M7的C_(i)总体呈先上升后下降趋势,G935的C_(i)呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势,M9T337和新疆野苹的C_(i)呈波动式变化。在干旱胁迫中,4个苹果砧木的E呈波动式变化;胁迫结束时M7的E高于CK。G935的L_(s)在胁迫结束时下降至负值,显著低于其他3个苹果砧木资源(P<0.05)。当干旱胁迫0~8 d时,G935和M9T337苹果砧木幼苗叶片T_(r)和G_(s)都呈上升趋势;当胁迫16~24 d时,各砧木的P_(n)和G_(s)呈下降趋,此时G935和M9T337的C_(i)上升;胁迫第24天时,各砧木的P_(n),G_(s)和T_(r)均较第0天大幅度下降,C_(i)明显高于第0天及同时期CK。光合作用下降主要由非气孔因素引起。【结论】抗旱性从高到低排序依次为新疆野苹果、M7、M9T337、G935。在干旱地区可首选新疆野苹果作为抗旱性较强的苹果砧木。【Objective】The drought-resistant apple rootstocks were screened and their drought-resistant photosynthetic responses were analyzed,so as to provide theoretical support for apple cultivation,rootstock breeding and stress resistance mechanism research in arid areas.【Method】In this study,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i)),water use efficiency(E)and stomatal restriction percentage(L_(s))of four apple rootstock resources were compared by using pot simulated drought stress experiments using M7,G935,M9T337 and Malus sieversii seedlings as experimental materials,and the principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation.【Result】At the end of stress,the T_(r),G_(s)and P_(n)of each rootstock decreased significantly compared with CK,and the T_(r),G_(s)and P_(n)of G935 decreased the most and the lowest value.With the extension of drought time,the C_(i)of M7 increased first and then decreased,the C_(i)of G935 increased first,then decreased and then increased,and the C_(i)of M9T337 and M.sieversii showed a fluctuating trend.Under drought stress,there were significant differences in C_(i)among the four apple rootstocks(P<0.05),and the C_(i)of M7,G935 and M.sieversii rootstocks were higher than those in the same period after 4 days of stress.Under stress,the WUE of the four apple rootstocks showed fluctuating changes.At the end of stress,the WUE of M7 was higher than that of CK.The L_(s)of G935 decreased to a negative value at the end of stress,which was significantly lower than that of the other three apple rootstock resources(P<0.05).When the stress was 0~8 days,the leaf T_(r)and G_(s)of G935 and M9T337 apple rootstock seedlings showed an upward trend,and when the stress was 16~24 days,the P_(n)and G_(s)of each rootstock showed a decreasing trend,and the C_(i)of G935 and M9T337 increased,and the P_(n),G_(s)and T_(r)of each rootstock decreased significantly compared with the 0th day at 24 d,and the C_(i)of

关 键 词：苹果 砧木资源 抗旱性 光合特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]