修剪方式对薄壳山核桃生长发育和果实品质的影响  

Effects of pruning methods on the growth development and fruits quality of Carya illinoinensis

作　　者：周智 杜洋文[2,3,4] 程军勇[2,3,4] 雷学志 丁志刚 肖新意 ZHOU Zhi;DU Yangwen;CHENG Junyong;LEI Xuezhi;DING Zhigang;XIAO Xinyi(Wunaoshan Forest Farm of Macheng City,Macheng 436100,Hubei,China;Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,Hubei,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Huanggang Normal University,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains,Huanggang Normal University,Huanggang 438000,Hubei,China;Macheng Forestry Bureau,Macheng 438300,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]麻城市国营五脑山林场,湖北麻城436100 [2]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430075 [3]黄冈师范学院经济林木种质改良与资源综合利用湖北省重点实验室,湖北黄冈438000 [4]黄冈师范学院大别山特色资源开发湖北省协同创新中心,湖北黄冈438000 [5]麻城市林业局,湖北麻城438300

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期255-263,290,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(鄂2023TG13);黄冈师范学院开放基金项目(202140404)。

摘　　要：【目的】为促进薄壳山核桃早实丰产提供依据。【方法】以9年生薄壳山核桃嫁接植株为研究对象,采用不同的枝条皮部处理、短截、拉枝等措施进行修剪,调查新枝生长情况,测定结果枝顶芽的可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质、全氮及脱落酸含量,测定果实的可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、果实含油率、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量等。【结果】与对照相比,扭皮、环割和削皮3种皮部处理的总成枝率、新成枝率、新结果枝率、总结果枝率和新结果枝占比均显著提高,各处理的结果枝顶芽碳氮比以及果实中可溶性糖(削皮处理除外)、淀粉、蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著高于对照,以扭皮处理的效果最佳,削皮和环剥处理次之,总结果枝数量增加27.27%~47.98%,新结果枝数量增加12.50%~28.65%,不饱和脂肪酸含量均达到91%以上。不同短截处理后,新成枝数量、成枝率和结果枝顶芽的碳氮比均显著高于对照,短截2/3和短截1/2处理的新成枝率最高达79.24%,比对照高48.61个百分点,短截1/2和剪顶芽处理的果实蛋白质含量显著高于对照,前者比对照高出35.39%。不同拉枝角度处理的成枝率显著高于对照,各处理的结果枝顶芽的可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质、全氮含量以及碳氮比均显著提高,拉枝60°~90°和拉枝90°~120°处理的新成枝率达53.90%~60.19%,比对照高45.47~51.76个百分点,3种拉枝处理的可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质和全氮含量分别比对照高92.60%~137.04%、31.59%~40.59%、15.74%~37.05%和15.40%~37.17%。【结论】扭皮、剪顶芽、短截1/3、拉枝60°~90°和拉枝90°~120°处理能显著促进新枝生长、促进结果枝形成和提高果实品质。【Objective】To provide the basis for promoting the early fruiting and high yield of Carya illinoinensis.【Method】Using 9 years old C.illinoinensis grafting plants as the research object,the effects of different branch skins,different short-cutting and different branches on the growth of new branches of C.illinoinensis,soluble sugar,starch,protein,total N and abscisic acid,soluble sugar,starch,protein,oil content,saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid content of the fruit were studied.【Result】In contrast to the control,twisting bark,ring cutting and paring bark methods could improve significantly total branch rate,new branch rate,new fruiting branches rate,total fruiting branch,and new fruiting branch ratio and C/N of fruiting branches top buds,soluble sugars(except for paring bark treatment),starch and protein content,and unsaturated fatty acids content were higher significantly than CK,the effect of twisting bark treatment was the best,followed by peeling and ring stripping.The total branches increased 27.27%-47.98%,the new branches increased 12.50%-28.65%,and the content of unsaturated fatty acids reached more than 91%.The number of new branches,branch rate and C/N were significantly higher than that of the control,and the highest rate of 2/3 and 1/2 was 79.24%,which was 48.61 percentage points higher than that of the control,short-cutting 1/2 and top buds methods could improve significantly protein content of fruits.The new branch percentage rate of 60°-90°and 90°-120°was 53.90%-60.19%,45.47 to 51.76 percentage points higher than the control,and the contents of soluble sugar,starch,protein and total N were 92.60%to 137.04%,31.59%to 31.59%-40.59%,15.74%-37.05%and 37.45%and 15.40%-37.17.%higher than the control,respectively.【Conclusion】Twisting bark,cutting top buds and short-cutting 1/3,and pulling branches 60°-90°and 90°-120°can significantly promote the growth of new branches,fruiting branches formation and improve fruit quality.

关 键 词：薄壳山核桃 生长发育 短截 环剥 拉枝 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]