行间生草对豫东地区桃树生长及果园土壤的影响  

Effects of grass on growth and soil physicochemical properties in peach orchard in the eastern Henan region

作　　者：党伟 董聪颖 徐变变 范嘉琳 孙剑 王芳 高登涛[2] DANG Wei;DONG Congying;XU Bianbian;FAN Jialin;SUN Jian;WANG Fang;GAO Dengtao(Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China;Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000 [2]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,河南郑州450009

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期264-270,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27);河南省大宗水果产业技术体系(HARS-22-09-Z3);河南省‘四优四化’项目一梨专项资助项目(20230304001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究行间生草对桃树树体生长、果园土壤理化性质及果实品质和产量的影响,为桃园绿色、高效生产提供理论参考。【方法】以豫东地区5年生‘黄金蜜桃1号’桃园为研究对象,在桃树行间分别种植毛叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、白三叶草、油菜,以清耕为对照,研究行间不同生草处理对桃树树体生长量(干周、树高、冠幅、新梢长度、新梢直径)、土壤理化性质指标(含水量、土壤密度、土壤孔隙度、有机质含量、总氮含量、总磷含量、总钾含量、速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量)和果实品质(可溶性固形物含量、单果质量)、产量的影响。【结果】不同生草处理对桃树生长量和土壤理化性质存在影响。与清耕对照相比,毛叶苕子处理干周、树高、冠幅、新梢直径分别增加了7.94%、47.26%、31.91%、4.55%,显著增加树体生长量;土壤中速效磷含量增加了145.38%,改善了土壤理化性质。油菜处理能够明显提高土壤养分、改善土壤理化性质,速效磷含量较对照增加了122.30%,土壤孔隙度增加了10.59个百分点,但对树体生长、果实品质和产量无明显促进作用。箭筈豌豆处理显著促进了干周、树高、冠幅、新梢长度的生长,分别增加了5.67%、38.81%、9.04%、8.58%。此外,箭筈豌豆处理增加了新梢直径,但差异不显著,对土壤性质、果实品质和产量无明显影响。白三叶草处理能够显著促进树体生长,干周、树高、冠幅分别增加了4.35%、17.41%、6.38%;土壤中速效磷含量增加了161.67%,和对照差异显著,但新梢长度、直径、果实产量和品质提高效果不明显。【结论】在豫东地区桃树行间种植毛叶苕子可显著促进桃树生长、提高土壤肥力、改善土壤理化性质。【Objective】To explore the effects of grass cultivation on the growth of peach trees,the physicochemical properties of soil,and the quality and yield of fruits,so as to provide a theoretical reference for green production in peach orchards.【Method】The 5-year-old‘Huangjinmitao 1’orchard in the Eastern Henan Region was used,the effects of different grass treatments(Vicia villosa roth,Brassica napus L.,Vicia sativa L.,Trifolium repens)on the growth(tree perimeter,height,crown width,new shoot length,and new shoot diameter),soil physicochemical properties(water content,soil bulk density,soil porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium),fruit quality(soluble solids content,single fruit mass)and yield of peach trees were studied.【Result】There were differences in the effects of various grass treatments on the growth of peach trees and soil physicochemical properties.Compared with the clear tillage control,the dry week,tree height,crown width and new shoot diameter of the V.villosa roth treatment increased by 7.94%,47.26%,31.91%and 4.55%,respectively,and the growth of tree body was significantly increased.The content of available phosphorus in soil increased by 145.38%,which improved the physical and chemical properties of soil.The B.napus L.treatment could significantly increase soil nutrients and improve soil physical and chemical properties,and the available phosphorus content increased by 122.30%and soil porosity increased by 10.59 percentage points compared with the control,but there was no significant promotion effect on tree growth,fruit quality and yield.The V.sativa L.treatment could significantly promote the growth of tree perimeter,height,crown width,new shoot length,which increased by 5.67%,38.80%,9.04%and 8.58%,respectively.In addition,the treatment of V.sativa L.increased new shoot diameter,but not significant,and there was no significant effect on soil physicochemical properties,fruit quality and yield.The

关 键 词：桃 行间生草 生长量 产量 豫东地区 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]