栽植密度对湖南主栽油茶品种幼林生长及油脂品质的影响  

Effects of planting density on the growth and oil quality of main planted Camellia oleifera varieties in Hunan Province

作　　者：刘兴慧 胡英杰 吴俊涛 陆佳[1,2] 袁德义[1,2,3] 邹锋[1,2,3] LIU Xinghui;HU Yingjie;WU Juntao;LU Jia;YUAN Deyi;ZOU Feng(State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees,Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Oil Tea Breeding,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学木本油料资源利用全国重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点试验室,湖南长沙410004 [3]中南林业科技大学油茶育种湖南省高等学校重点实验室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2025年第1期271-281,共11页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2200400);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2024RC1059);湖南神农国油油茶产业科技创新创业团队(湘人才发[2022]9号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为油茶轻简化栽培提供参考。【方法】以湖南主栽品种‘华金’‘华硕’‘华鑫’油茶的幼林为研究对象,设置3种栽植密度,分别为4.0 m×2.5 m、4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m(宽窄行)、3.0 m×3.0 m,在相同的立地条件下对这些品种的生长状况、光合相关指标以及果实经济性状进行调查测定,并进行相关分析和主成分分析。【结果】3种栽植密度下油茶生长特性的差异不显著,相较于‘华金’和‘华鑫’,‘华硕’的长势更优。3种栽植密度下油茶净光合速率的差异不显著,而蒸腾速率具有显著差异,其中3.0 m×3.0 m密度处理下蒸腾速率显著高于其他密度处理。‘华金’‘华硕’‘华鑫’叶片的叶绿素含量均在4.0 m×2.5 m密度处理下最高,分别为2.35、2.39、2.05 mg/g。3种栽植密度下油茶种仁含油率的差异均不显著,脂肪酸含量无显著差异。相关性分析结果表明,果实表型性状与含油率显著相关。主成分分析结果表明,不同栽植密度下油茶的综合排名由优至劣依次为‘华硕’(3.0 m×3.0 m)、‘华鑫’(3.0 m×3.0 m)、‘华硕’(4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m)、‘华硕’(4.0 m×2.5 m)、‘华鑫’(4.0 m×2.5 m)、‘华鑫’(4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m)、‘华金’(4.0 m×2.5 m)、‘华金’(4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m)、‘华金’(3.0 m×3.0 m)。【结论】‘华金’‘华硕’‘华鑫’幼林期的适宜栽培密度分别为4.0 m×2.5 m、3.0 m×3.0 m、3.0 m×3.0 m。在油茶的生产栽培中,应根据品种确定合理的栽植密度以确保植株生长良好且效益最大化。【Objective】To provided a scientific basis for cost control cultivation practices.【Method】The study focused on three main Camrllia oleifera cultivars in Hunan,namely‘Huajin’‘Huashuo’and‘Huaxin’.Three planting densities were established 4.0 m×2.5 m,4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m(alternating row widths),and 3 m×3 m,respectively.Under identical site conditions,data on growth characteristics,photosynthetic indicators,and economic traits of the fruit were collected and analyzed.【Result】Among three planting densities,there was no significant difference in growth characteristics across densities,but‘Huashuo’exhibited superior growth compared to‘Huajin’and‘Huaxin.’There were no significant differences in net photosynthetic rate across the densities,however,transpiration rate differed significantly,with the 3 m×3 m density showing a significantly higher Tr than the other two.Chlorophyll content was highest in the 4.0 m×2.5 m density for all cultivars,with values of 2.35 mg/g for‘Huajin’,2.39 mg/g for‘Huashuo’,and 2.05 mg/g for‘Huaxin’,respectively.The oil content of camellia kernels and fatty acid composition showed no significant differences across planting densities.Correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between fruit phenotypic traits and oil content.Principal component analysis ranked the cultivars and densities in the following order:‘Huashuo’(3 m×3 m),‘Huaxin’(3 m×3 m),‘Huashuo’(4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m),‘Huashuo’(4.0 m×2.5 m),‘Huaxin’(4.0 m×2.5 m),‘Huaxin’(4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m),‘Huajin’(4.0 m×2.5 m),‘Huajin’(4.0 m×2.5 m×2.5 m),and‘Huajin’(3 m×3 m),respectively.【Conclusion】The optimal planting densities for the young forests of‘Huajin,’‘Huashuo,’and‘Huaxin’were found to be 4.0 m×2.5 m,3 m×3 m,and 3 m×3 m,respectively.For effective production and growth of C.oleifera,appropriate planting densities should be determined and ensured good benefits.

关 键 词：油茶 栽植密度 生长 光合作用 经济性状 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学]