覆盖经营对毛竹林土壤及其微生物生态化学计量特征的影响  

Effects of mulching management on ecological stoichiometric of soil and microorganisms in a Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)plantation

作　　者：曾嘉慧 张华锋 马秋慧 顾志康 吴志庄 李全 宋新章[1] ZENG Jiahui;ZHANG Huafeng;MA Qiuhui;GU Zhikang;WU Zhizhuang;LI Quan;SONG Xinzhang(Zhejiang A&F University Institute of Bamboo,State key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,HangZhou 311300,China;Agroforestry Technology Extension Center in Lin An District,Hangzhou 31130,China;Huzhou Research Center of Ecological Forestry and Protection,Huzhou 313000,China;China National Bamboo Research Center,Hangzhou 31300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学竹子研究院,省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300 [2]杭州市临安区农林技术推广中心,杭州311300 [3]湖州市生态林业保护研究中心,湖州313000 [4]国家林业和草原局竹子研究开发中心,杭州31300

出　　处：《生态科学》2025年第1期1-9,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32101493);浙江农林大学人才启动项目(2022LFR006,2021LFR060)。

摘　　要：覆盖经营(稻草+竹叶+砻糠)提高了毛竹(Phyllostachysedulis)林竹笋的产量和效益,但随着覆盖年限增加引起了竹鞭上浮和出笋期天数减少等竹林退化问题。研究土壤及其微生物生态化学计量特征,有助于了解土壤的养分循环及其微生物群落结构的特征,从而为解决竹林退化问题提供科学依据和参考。以往大量研究主要探讨了覆盖经营对林分结构、土壤理化性质等方面的影响,然而对土壤及其微生物生态化学计量特征的影响研究仍较少。基于此,探讨不同覆盖年限(0年、1年、2年和4年)对毛竹林表层土(0—20 cm)和深层土(20—40 cm)养分含量和微生物量及其生态化学计量特征的影响有重要意义。与对照相比,短期覆盖经营(1年和2年)显著增加了表层和深层土中的有机碳(SOC)(15.1%—104.7%)、总氮(TN)(7.8%—106.6%)、总磷(TP)(48.9%—119.1%)、微生物量碳(MBC)(2.1%—58.6%)、微生物量氮(MBN)(3.0%—23.0%)和MBC/MBN(15.1%—29.3%)(P<0.05)。长期覆盖经营(4年)显著增加了表层土和深层土中SOC(8.42%—89.2%)、TN(4.3%—109.9%)和TP(42.1%—165.9%)含量,但降低了MBN(31.8%—64.4%)、C/P(23.6%—28.8%)、N/P(21.1%—26.5%)和微生物熵(q MBC)(30.1%—47.8%)(P<0.05)。在对照和覆盖经营处理下,表层土中的SOC、TN、TP、MBC和MBN含量以及C/P、N/P和MBC/MBN高于深层土。而在对照处理下C/N表层土显著高于深层土(P<0.05),在覆盖处理下表层土和深层土C/N无显著差异。MBC/MBN与C/P和N/P呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。从生态化学计量学角度研究发现长期覆盖经营(4年)造成竹林退化。因此,为了实现毛竹林可持续经营,连续覆盖经营时间不宜超过3年。The mulching management(straw+bamboo leaf+rice chaff)has increased the yield and efficiency of bamboo shoots in the Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)plantations but with the increase of the mulching age,the bamboo forest degradation problems such as the floating of bamboo whips and the decrease in the number of days of bamboo shoots were caused.Studying the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of soil and its microorganisms is helpful to understand the nutrient cycling and microbial community structure characteristics of soil,so as to provide scientific basis and reference for solving the problem of bamboo forest degradation.In the past,a large number of previous studies have mainly explored the impact of cover management on the structure of forest stands and the physical and chemical properties of soil,but there are still few studies on the impact on the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of soil and microorganisms.To fill this gap,we conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of different mulching years(0,1,2,and 4 years)on the nutrient content,microbial content,and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics of topsoil(0-20 cm)and deep soil(20-40 cm)in the Moso bamboo plantation.Compared with the control treatment,the short-term mulching operation(1 year and 2 years)significantly increased the organic carbon(SOC)(30.0%-104.7%),total nitrogen(TN)(29.5%-106.6%),total phosphorus(TP)(48.9%-165.9%),microbial biomass carbon(MBC)(2.1%-58.6%),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)(3.0%-23.0%)and MBC/MBN(15.1%-29.3%)(P<0.05).Long-term mulching management(4 years)significantly increased the content of SOC(8.42%-89.2%),TN(4.3%-109.9%),and TP(42.1%-165.9%),but decreased MBN(31.8%-64.4%),C/P(23.6%-28.8%),N/P(21.1%-26.5%),and microbial entropy(qMBC)(30.0%-47.8%)(P<0.05).Under the control and mulching operation treatment,the SOC,TN,TP,MBC and MBN contents in the topsoil,as well as C/P,N/P and MBC/MBN,were significantly higher than those in the deep soil,however,under the control treatment,the C/N top soi

关 键 词：覆盖经营 土壤养分 土壤微生物量 生态化学计量 微生物熵 毛竹 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]