1990—2020年科克托海湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析  

Analysis of the evolution of the landscape pattern and drivers of the Cocteau Sea wetlands from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：翟梦飞 高凡[1,2] 徐燕 王翠 ZHAI Mengfei;GAO Fan;HE Bing;WANG Cui(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Water Resources and Ecological Water Conservancy Engineering Research Center,Xinjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Bureau,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆寒旱区水资源与生态水利工程研究中心,新疆水利水电规划设计局,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《生态科学》2025年第1期165-176,共12页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51769036);2021年研究生“新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室”研究项目(ZDSYS-YJS-2021-06);塔里木河三源流下泄断面至阿拉尔断面区间河段水量损失分析与对策研究(TGJAKSJJG-2022KYXM0003)。

摘　　要：为研究科克托海湿地景观格局动态演变特征及驱动因素,以5期Landsat影像(1990、2000、2010、2015和2020年)为基础数据,计算转移矩阵、动态度和景观格局指数分析景观格局演变特征及时空动态变化,结合气象和社会经济数据探讨演变驱动力。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年,科克托海湿地景观类型趋势主要特征表现为耕地、建设用地、未利用地面积呈持续增加趋势,草地面积呈持续减少趋势,林地、水域面积分别呈现波动减少和波动增加趋势;(2)从景观格局指数变化来看,草地、林地、未利用地是科克托海湿地的主要景观类型;除林地外,其余各景观类型NP、PD、AI均呈增加趋势,斑块类型水平上景观破碎化程度与空间分布离散程度增加;LSI、SHDI与SHEI趋势增加而CONTAG减少,景观类型水平上景观丰富与多样性增加、景观连通性与蔓延性降低。(3)科克托海湿地景观格局变化受气候因素和人类活动的共同作用,伴随着经济的快速发展,尤其在2005年后,人类活动逐渐成为湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因素。To study the dynamic evolution characteristics and driving factors of the landscape pattern of the Cocteau Sea wetlands,five periods of Landsat images(1990,2000,2010,2015 and 2020)were used as the base data to calculate the transfer matrix,dynamic attitude and landscape pattern index to analyze the landscape pattern evolution characteristics and spatial and temporal dynamic changes,and explore the evolution driving forces by combining meteorological and socio-economic data.The results are as follows.(1)From 1990 to 2020,the main characteristics of landscape type trends in the Cocteau Sea wetlands showed a continuous increase in the area of arable land,construction land and unused land,a continuous decrease in the area of grassland,and a fluctuating decrease and increase in the area of woodland and water respectively.(2)From the changes of landscape pattern index,grassland,woodland and unused land were the main landscape types of the Cocteau Sea wetlands;except for woodland,NP,PD and AI of all landscape types were increasing,the degree of landscape fragmentation and dispersion of spatial distribution increased at the level of patch type;the trend of LSI,SHDI and SHEI increased and CONTAG decreased,the landscape richness and diversity increasd and the landscape connectivity and spreading decreased at the level of landscape types.(3)The change of landscape pattern of the Cocteau Sea wetlands was affected by both climatic factors and human activities.Along with the rapid economic development,especially after 2005,human activities gradually became the main driving factor of the change of wetland landscape pattern.

关 键 词：景观格局 时空变化 驱动因素 科克托海湿地 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]