稻田不同种植模式对作物产量和土壤碳、氮的影响  

Effects of different planting patterns on crop yield and soil carbon and nitrogen in paddy fields

作　　者：刘宁 杨滨娟[1] 胡启良 刘泽琴 袁嘉欣 黄国勤[1] LIU Ning;YANG Binjuan;HU Qiliang;LIU Zeqin;YUAN Jiaxin;HUANG Guoqin(Research Center on Ecological Science,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Jiangxi Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,江西农业大学生态科学研究中心,南昌330045

出　　处：《生态科学》2025年第1期212-220,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41661070);中国工程院咨询研究课题(2017-XZ-28-03);江西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(20161BBF60058);江西农业大学生态学“十三五”校级重点(建设)学科专项经费支持。

摘　　要：为探讨稻田不同种植模式对土壤肥力的影响,通过连续两年的田间试验,研究稻田不同种植模式对作物产量和土壤碳、氮的影响,设计5种当地典型的稻田种植模式,分别为紫云英-早稻-晚稻(CRR)、紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆(CRI)、油菜-早稻-晚稻(RRR)、油菜-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆(RRI)和马铃薯-早稻-晚稻(PRR)。结果表明:“紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆”种植模式和“油菜-早稻-晚稻”种植模式在提高作物产量和经济效益方面有较好的表现,2020年“紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆”种植模式的早稻、晚稻和早晚稻两季总产量高出其他处理3.71%—17.55%、6.20%—32.79%和17.26%—26.27%,2021年“油菜-早稻-晚稻”种植模式的早晚稻两季总产量较其他处理提高了1.25%—14.59%。两年试验后,“紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆”种植模式的土壤微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳、活性有机碳、硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮含量最高,其微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳和活性有机碳较其他处理提高了4.22%—15.63%、14.63%—46.88%和7.24%—35.62%,全氮、硝态氮与铵态氮较其他处理分别提高了4.10%—18.71%、48.44%—97.96%和42.00%—83.23%;“油菜-早稻-晚稻”种植模式有利于土壤总有机碳和微生物量氮的积累;“紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆”种植模式的微生物量碳氮比和碳氮比增加量较其他处理提高了5.00%—21.20%和16.22%—125.29%;两年试验后,水稻产量和土壤微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳、活性有机碳、硝态氮以及全氮均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。综上,综合考虑作物的产量效应、经济效益和土壤肥力效果,“紫云英-早稻-甘薯||晚大豆”种植模式和“油菜-早稻-晚稻”种植模式较为适宜。To explore the effects of different planting patterns on soil fertility in paddy fields,the effects of different planting patterns on crop yield and soil carbon and nitrogen were evaluated in field trials for two consecutive years,and five local typical planting patterns in paddy fields were designed,namely,Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice(CRR),Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||soybean(CRI),rape-early rice-late rice(RRR),rape-early rice-sweet potato||soybean(RRI)and potato-early rice-late rice(PRR).The results showed that the planting patterns of“Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||soybean”and“rape-early rice-late rice”had better performance in improving crop yield and economic benefits.In 2020,the early rice yield,late rice yield and total early and late rice yield under the planting mode of“Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||soybean”was 3.71%-17.55%,6.20%-32.79%and 17.26%-26.27%higher than that of other treatments,In 2021,the total yield of early and late rice under the“rape-early rice-late rice”planting mode increased by 1.25%-14.59%compared with other treatments.After two years of experiments,the soil microbial biomass carbon,soluble organic carbon,active organic carbon,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen contents of the“Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||soybean”planting mode were the highest,compared with other treatments,its microbial biomass carbon,soluble organic carbon and active organic carbon increased by 4.22%-15.63%,14.63%-46.88%and 7.24%-35.62%,and total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen increased by 4.10%-18.71%,48.44%-97.96%and 42.00%-83.23%respectively;“rape-early rice-late rice”planting mode was conducive to the accumulation of soil total organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen;Compared with other treatments,the increase of microbial biomass carbon nitrogen ratio and increase in carbon-nitrogen ratio of“Chinese milk vetch-early rice-sweet potato||soybean”planting mode increased by 5.00%-

关 键 词：种植模式 水稻产量 土壤碳、氮 

分 类 号：S511.4[农业科学—作物学] S344