精明增长视角下乡村复合生态系统优化研究综述  

A review of rural complex ecosystem optimization research from a smart growth perspective

作　　者：刘崇刚 孙伟[1,2] 张落成[1,2] LIU Chonggang;SUN Wei;ZHANG Luocheng(Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 211135,China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography&Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室,南京211135 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,南京211135 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态科学》2025年第1期278-287,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所自主部署科研项目(NIGLAS2022GS06,NIGLAS2022TJ09);江苏省海洋科技创新项目(JSZRHYKJ202306);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项项目(BK20220014)。

摘　　要：乡村具有重要的生态屏障、农业生产和文化传承等多功能性,是中国社会稳定的压舱石。快速城镇化背景下,乡村经济社会发展和资源环境状况产生了翻天覆地的变化,对乡村可持续发展带来了极大挑战。因此,加强乡村社会—经济—自然复合生态系统研究并提出优化路径,对于乡村振兴发展意义重大。文章从乡村复合生态系统和乡村精明增长的内涵出发,分析了快速城镇化背景下乡村复合生态系统面临的主要问题,并借鉴乡村精明增长理念,从“理论借鉴、过程分解、目标展望”等方面提出乡村复合生态系统优化路径及研究展望。研究发现,作为控制建设用地无序蔓延、服务乡村经济发展、促进城乡协调和人居环境品质提升,以达到土地高效利用的发展模式,精明增长理念可以从生态宜居、空间优化、产业兴旺和社区参与等不同方面为乡村复合生态系统优化提供重要理论支撑。据此从经济生产、社会生活和自然生态三方面提出乡村复合生态系统优化路径,包括从发展基础、产业体系和产业支撑三方面提出乡村经济生产质效提升路径,从公共服务、环境质量和乡贤文化三方面提出乡村社会生活质量提升路径,从权衡内容、权衡要点和权衡支撑三方面提出乡村生态系统服务权衡路径。未来关于乡村复合生态系统研究中,应更多关注乡村多要素耦合协调模式和机理、复合生态系统优化决策模型构建、多元利益主体的复杂关系权衡等方面。研究有助于深化对乡村复合生态系统治理路径的认知,为乡村振兴和践行生态文明思想提供一定参考。Rural areas bear the functions of ecological barriers,agricultural production and cultural inheritance,and are the ballast of China's social stability.Under the background of rapid urbanization,the economic and social development of rural areas and the resource and environmental conditions have changed dramatically,bringing great challenges to the sustainable development of rural areas.Therefore,it is of great significance to strengthen the research on rural socio-economic-natural ecosystems and propose optimization paths for rural revitalization and development.Starting from the connotation of rural composite ecosystems and rural smart growth,the article analyzes the main problems faced by rural composite ecosystems in the context of rapid urbanization,and proposes the optimization path of rural composite ecosystems and research prospects in terms of“theoretical reference,process decomposition,and target outlook”by drawing on the concept of rural smart growth.It is found that,as a development model to control the uncontrolled spread of construction land,serve rural economic development,promote urban-rural coordination and improve the quality of human settlements in order to achieve the efficient use of land,the concept of smart growth can provide an important theoretical support for the optimization of the rural complex ecosystem in terms of ecological livability,spatial optimization,industrial prosperity and community participation.Accordingly,this paper proposes a path to improve the quality of rural economic production from the aspects of development foundation,industrial system and industrial support,a path to improve the quality of rural social life from the aspects of public service,environmental quality and village culture,and a path to weigh rural ecosystem services from the aspects of the content of the trade-offs,the key points of the trade-offs,and the support of the trade-offs.In the future research on rural composite ecosystems,more attention should be paid to the coordination mode and mechanism

关 键 词：快速城镇化 乡村复合生态系统 精明增长 乡村振兴 可持续发展 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]