林下养鸡对生态环境的影响及发展措施分析  

Research on the impact and development measures of feeding chickens under the forest on the ecological environment

作　　者：郭太雷 GUO Taiei(Zhijin County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Zhijin 552100,China)

机构地区：[1]织金县农业农村局,贵州织金552100

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第7期24-28,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：林下养鸡是一项林下经济创新农作模式,具有良好的经济效益和广阔的发展前景。本文结合生产实际,综述了林下养鸡对林草、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物多样性及昆虫种群等生态环境的影响,并提出了相应的发展措施。林下养鸡模式中,鸡粪作为一种绿色有机肥料,可有效增加经济收益;但该模式也存在破坏植物生长、降低植物多样性等缺点。当林下鸡的密度得到合理控制时,有利于保持土壤良好的通气性与透水性;但鸡群高密度、长时间的活动可能会导致土壤理化性质改变,林木因土壤质量差生长受阻。在生产中,合适的林下养鸡模式,有利于增加土壤微生物的种类和数量,促进土壤有机质的分解和养分的转化,从而提高土壤肥力;同时,可以减少虫害的发生,促进植物的健康生长,节约饲料,降低病虫害防治成本。发展林下养鸡应因地制宜、科学选址和布局,有针对性地对养殖区植被进行改良,合理确定养殖密度、时间和规模,推行分区轮牧制度,强化疫病防控等。本文为推动林下养鸡产业高质量发展提供参考。Feeding chickens under the forest is an economic innovation farming model under forest,which has good economic benefits and broad development prospects.In this paper,the effects of feeding chicken under the forest on forest and grass,soil physicochemical properties,soil microbial diversity,and insect population were summarized,and the corresponding development measures were put forward based on practical production.In the modes of feeding chickens under the forest,chicken manure,as a green organic fertilizer,can effectively increase economic income.However,this model also has some disadvantages,such as damaging plant growth and reducing plant diversity.When the density of chickens under the forest is controlled reasonably,it is beneficial to maintain good soil ventilation and water permeability.However,the high-density and long-term activities of chickens may lead to the changes of soil physical and chemical properties,and the growth of trees is hindered by poor soil quality.In the process of production,the modes of feeding chicken under the forest is beneficial to increase the variety and quantity of soil microorganisms,promote the decomposition of soil organic matter and the transformation of nutrients,and thus improve soil fertility.At the same time,it can reduce the occurrence of pests,promote the healthy growth of plants,save feed,and reduce the cost of disease and pest control.The development of feeding chicken under the forest should be based on local conditions,scientific site selection and layout,targeted improvement of the vegetation in the breeding area,reasonable determination of breeding density,time and scale,implementation of regional rotational grazing system,and strengthening disease prevention and control.This paper provides references for promoting the high-quality development of the feeding chicken under the forest.

关 键 词：林下养鸡 生态环境 植被改良 发展措施 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]