油菜田杂草发生动态及其防治策略  

Occurrence dynamics and control strategies of weeds in rapeseed fields

作　　者：陈彦楼 徐爽 康启中 CHEN Yanou;XU Shuang;KANG Qizhong(Agricultural Station in Gongling Town,Huaining County,Huaining 246122,China;Modern Agricultural Technology Cooperation and Promotion Service Center in Huaining County,Huaining 246113,China;Planting Technology Promotion Center in Huaining County,Huaining 246121,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省怀宁县公岭镇农业站,安徽怀宁246122 [2]安徽省怀宁县现代农业技术合作推广服务中心,安徽怀宁246113 [3]安徽省怀宁县种植业技术推广中心,安徽怀宁246121

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第7期64-68,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：为掌握油菜田杂草的发生动态情况,本研究分别于2019年和2024年对安徽怀宁县油菜田杂草进行调查,统计其种类与发生数量,分析其平均密度、相对频度、相对多度及危害等级占比等指标。结果表明,研究区油菜田杂草群落以日本看麦娘、看麦娘、菵草、早熟禾、繁缕、牛繁缕、婆婆纳、猪殃殃等为主,且其平均密度、相对频度、相对多度和危害等级占比相对较高。牛繁缕、稻槎菜、野老鹳草、大巢菜发生为害逐渐加重,其转变为优势杂草的趋势有所增加。综合来看,油菜田间杂草总体密度呈下降趋势,但杂草总体为害程度有所增加,其空间分布范围进一步扩展。针对当地油菜田杂草发生实际情况,提出了农业、机械和化学防除措施,以降低油菜田杂草危害损失。To understand the occurrence dynamics of weeds in rapeseed fields,this study conducted surveys in 2019 and 2024 on weed communities in rapeseed fields of Huaining County,Anhui Province.Weed species composition and occurrence quantity were investigated,the indicators including average density,relative frequency,relative abundance,and damage level proportion were analyzed.The results demonstrated that the weed community in the study area was predominantly composed of Alopecurus japonicus,Alopecurus aequalis,Beckmannia syzigachne,Poa annua,Stellaria media,Stellaria aquatica,Veronica polita,and Galium spurium.These species exhibited relatively high values in average density,relative frequency,relative abundance,and damage level proportion.Notably,the occurrence and damage caused by Stellaria aquatica,Lapsanastrum apogonoides,Geranium carolinianum,and Vicia sativa had progressively intensified,showed an increasing tendency to become dominant weeds.Comprehensive analysis revealed an overall decline in total weed density within rapeseed fields,while the overall damage severity had increased,accompanied by further expansion of their spatial distribution.In response to the actual weed occurrence patterns in local rapeseed fields,integrated control measures including agricultural practices,mechanical management,and chemical treatments were proposed to mitigate yield losses caused by weed infestation.

关 键 词：油菜田 杂草种类 发生动态 防治措施 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]