水利工程白蚁危害及其防治对策  

Termite hazard in water conservancy projects and its control countermeasures

作　　者：赵林 董文霞 ZHAO Lin;DONG Wenxia(Huaian Termite Control Center,Huaian 223001,China)

机构地区：[1]淮安市白蚁防治中心,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第7期69-72,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省淮安市533英才工程项目(2022—2026)。

摘　　要：本文分析了水利工程中白蚁侵害种类及其危害性,探讨水利工程中白蚁滋生原因,并提出防治策略。水利工程中白蚁侵害种类主要分布于土白蚁属(Odontotermers)和大白蚁属(Macrotermers),为害种类主要有黑翅土白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus)、黄翅大白蚁(Macrotermes barneyi)和海南土白蚁(Odontotermers hainanensis)等。白蚁为害可能导致堤坝出现渗漏、管涌等险情,影响设施正常运行。水利工程中白蚁滋生的原因主要包括环境条件适宜、工程建设遗留问题、邻近蚁源区迁飞及日常管理不到位等。基于此,提出水利工程白蚁防治策略,包括加强周边环境维护,如减少积水区,修剪和清理堤坝上杂草等以破坏白蚁生存环境,以及种植趋避型植物等。强化工程设计与施工规范,工程建设前期,对工程周边区域进行白蚁全面检查和灭治;在堤坝填筑过程中确保土体的压实度达到标准,减少孔隙和薄弱部位;在施工中设置物理或化学屏障,以阻止白蚁的入侵为害。加强对白蚁危害的认识,增强防范意识;实施全面普查和定期巡查;加大白蚁防治资金投入,通过研发、引进、推广先进的防治技术和装备,加强防治技术创新和技术培训,构建长效的白蚁防治机制,确保水利设施稳定运行。The termite species infestation in water conservancy projects and their harmfulness were analyzed,the causes of termite infestation in water conservancy projects were explored,and the prevention and control strategies were proposed.In water conservancy projects,termite species are mainly distributed in Odontotermers and Macrotermers.The main species are Odontotermes formosanus,Macrotermes barneyi and Odontotermers hainanensis.Damage by termites may lead to leakage,piping and other dangerous situations,affecting the normal operation of facilities.The main reasons for termite infestation in water conservancy projects include suitable environmental conditions,construction-related residual issues,migration of adjacent termite source areas and inadequate daily management.Based on this,termite control strategies for water conservancy projects were proposed,including strengthen the maintenance of the surrounding environment,reduce the waterlogging area,trim and clear weeds on the embankment to destroy the living environment of termites,and plant termite-repellent plants.Enhance the engineering design and construction standards,and carry out comprehensive inspection and control of termites in the surrounding areas during the early stages of construction;in the process of dam filling,ensure that the compaction level of soil reaches the standard,reduce the porosity and weak parts;set up physical or chemical barriers during construction to prevent termite invasion.Improve the understanding of the harm of termites and strengthen the awareness of prevention;conduct comprehensive general surveys and regular inspections;increase the investment in termite control,through research and development,introduction and promotion of advanced control technology and equipment,strengthen control technology innovation and technical training,establish a long-term termite control mechanism,and ensure the stable operation of water conservancy facilities.

关 键 词：水利工程 白蚁危害 滋生原因 防治对策 

分 类 号：S76.3[农业科学—森林保护学]