多维度视野下的文物保护学科体系探讨  

Exploration of the Disciplinary System for Cultural Heritage Conservation from Multidimensional Perspectives

作　　者：龚德才[1] 乔成全 Gong Decai;Qiao Chengquan(Department of History of Science and Scientific Archaeology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技史与科技考古系,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2025年第2期26-32,共7页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：文物保护研究对象的复杂性及相关科学问题的积累,催生了文物保护交叉学科。本文以自然科学和人文社会科学的多维度视野,围绕文物保护领域三大学术问题和三大目标,对文物保护学科体系、方法论及理论架构进行了深入探讨。指出,在文物保护学科的交叉属性中,自然科学交叉权重远大于人文社会科学,毫无疑问文物保护学科应属于物质科学,自然科学相关的物质运动及变化规律是文物保护学科建设的理论基础,因此发达国家多将文物保护学科归属于科学范畴。本文介绍了文物保护常用的模型法、模拟实验、风险控制等系列研究方法,并基于文物实体质点模型和运动规律提出一系列分支理论;针对学科发展现存问题,构建了涵盖基础知识、专业基础、分支理论、专门技术四大板块的学科体系,强调人才培养需兼顾理论与实践,秉持多学科视野,倡导创建能够引领世界的、具有中国特色的文物保护学科。The key to cultural heritage conservation lies in cultivating a high-quality talent pool,which relies on advanced education supported by the disciplinary construction of cultural heritage conservation.This underscores the strategic significance of developing the discipline of cultural heritage conservation.Given the complexity of research subjects of cultural heritage conservation and the accumulation of related scientific challenges,cultural heritage conservation has emerged as an interdisciplinaryfield.However,critical problems in the development of China’s cultural heritage conservation discipline,such as defining its disciplinary attributes,constructing its disciplinary system,establishing methodologies,and formulating foundational and specialized theories,remain unresolved,severely hindering its progress.Currently,China’s cultural heritage conservation discipline is regarded as a sub-discipline or specialized research direction under primary humanities disciplines like history,archaeology,museology,history of science,architecture,and art studies.Due to significant disparities in disciplinary attributes within these humanitiesfields,consensus on key issues is difficult to achieve and there are challenges in faculty recruitment,student selection,and evaluation criteria,resulting in severe marginalization of the discipline.Lacking academic autonomy,the discipline of cultural heritage conservation struggles to develop in alignment with its inherent principles,leading to delayed faculty development and challenges in student recruitment and career placement.To address these issues,this paper systematically explores the disciplinary attributes,disciplinary system,methodologies,and theoretical architecture of the discipline of cultural heritage conservation through multidimensional perspectives in natural and social sciences,grounded in three core academic challenges and objectives in thefield of cultural heritage conservation.It argues that the natural sciences hold significantly greater weight than the social

关 键 词：多维度视野 文物保护学科体系 交叉学科 文物质点模型 文物保护科学 文物的科学保护 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]