全球视野下的共产主义文化遗产保护利用:遗产化与旅游化的双重作用  

Protection and Utilization of Communist Cultural Heritage from a Global Perspective:The Dual Role of Heritagization and Tourismification

作　　者：高静[1] 乔桂强[2] 张延 Gao Jing;Qiao Guiqiang;Zhang Yan(International Research Center for the Grand Canal,Zhejiang International Studies University,Hangzhou 310023,China;School of Culture and Tourism,Zhejiang International Studies University,Hangzhou 310023,China;Ningbo Research Institute of Cultural Heritage Management,Ningbo 315000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院大运河国际研究中心,浙江杭州310023 [2]浙江外国语学院文化和旅游学院,浙江杭州310023 [3]宁波市文化遗产管理研究院,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2025年第2期44-53,共10页China Cultural Heritage

基　　金：浙江省社科规划重大课题“推进文化和旅游深度融合发展研究”、浙江外国语学院博达科研提升专项计划项目“杭州城市旅游功能国际化提升路径与策略研究”(2020GCC1)共同资助。

摘　　要：作为一种政治属性较强的文化遗产类型,共产主义文化遗产是马克思主义的重要实践形态,广泛存在于有共产主义运动史的国家。本文以遗产化和旅游化的相互作用为主线,揭示共产主义文化遗产保护利用的规律特点。全球视野下的共产主义文化遗产保护利用呈现出遗产化和旅游化交织演进的过程,在不同国家表现出不同特征:在中东欧前社会主义国家中表现为因“用”而“保”,先旅游化后遗产化、旅游化推动遗产化的过程;在英、法、德等非社会主义国家表现为“保”“用”并举,多元力量推动了遗产化和旅游化过程;在现有社会主义国家中则呈现出先“保”后“用”、为“保”而“用”,国家政权主导先遗产化后旅游化的过程。总体而言,全球范围内的共产主义文化遗产都呈现出文化遗产与旅游发展双向融合的趋势。As a type of cultural heritage with strong political attributes,communist cultural heritage represents an important practical form of Marxism,and is widely found in countries with a history of communist movements,including the former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe,non-socialist countries like the UK,France,and Germany,and existing socialist countries.This paper introduces the concept of heritagization which pertains to heritage preservation,and the concept of tourismification which relates to heritage utilization.Using the interaction between heritagization and tourismification as the main thread,it analyzes the concept of communist cultural heritage and reveals the general law of changes in the preservation and utilization of communist cultural heritage on a global scale.The studyfinds that the preservation and utilization of communist cultural heritage exhibit a process of intertwined evolution of heritagization and tourismification,presenting different characteristics across various countries.In the former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe,it is characterized by the process of“preservation”due to“utilization”,tourismization followed by heritagization,and tourismification driven by heritagization.In non-socialist countries,such as the UK,France,and Germany,“preservation”and“utilization”are combined,with multiple forces driving the process of heritagization and tourismization.In the existing socialist countries,the process of“preservation”is followed by“utilization”,“utilization”is for the sake of“preservation”,and the state power dominates the process of heritagization followed by tourismification.Overall,the communist cultural heritage worldwide shows a trend of two-way integration of cultural heritage and tourism development.The distinction lies in that compared to the former socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe and non-socialist countries that emphasize the economic and historical value of communist cultural heritage,existing soc

关 键 词：共产主义文化遗产 保护利用 遗产化 旅游化 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]