政府—社区—社会力量:日本传统民居保护利用的模式与协作机制  

Government Community Social Forces:Models and Collaborative Mechanisms for the Protection and Utilization of Traditional Japanese Residential Buildings

作　　者：李弥 Li Mi(Shanghai Cultural Heritage Conservation and Research Center,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市文物保护研究中心,上海200031

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2025年第2期99-107,共9页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：日本传统民居保护起步较早,现已构建起覆盖“文化财”古民家、传统建造物群保存地区内的古民家、“景观建造物”古民家和一般古民家的保护利用体系。在当前保护文化财和重要景观,促进观光资源活用,减少空置房屋,建立循环型社会等多种诉求之下,日本各地积极探索民家再生的模式和方法,形成了良好的社会效益。本文梳理了日本民家再生运动的发展历程,探讨了维持民居居住功能的“功能延续型”利用模式和改变民居使用功能的“功能置换型”利用模式,特别是将居民作为福利设施、社区活动设施、农泊体验设施等三种特殊活用模式,在此基础之上进一步挖掘日本民家保护利用成果背后的机制建设,分析“政府引导、社区推动、社会力量援助”的官民协作机制中各参与主体的角色与作用。在与中国传统居民的保护利用现状比对后指出,制度保障完善、社会效益突出、专业化程度高以及地域合力充分四个方面是该机制的优势所在,可供我国在探索管理机制、资金扶植政策、活化利用模式及社会力量参与途径等方面进行参考。The protection of traditional residence in Japan started early,and a system for the protection and utilization of traditional residence covering“cultural properties”,“traditional residence in the preservation districts for groups of historic buildings”,“traditional residence announced as landscape building”and“normal traditional residence”has been established.In the current situation of various demands such as protecting cultural properties and important landscapes,promoting the utilization of tourism resources,reducing vacant houses,and establishing a recycling-oriented society,various regions in Japan have been actively exploring modes and methods for the regeneration of ancient residence and social benefits have been achieved,which makes the Japanese experience worth studying.The advantages of protection and utilization mode and internal mechanism are the focus of this paper.This paperfirst reviews the development of the residence regeneration movement in Japan,and summarizes the scope and requirements of protection as well as the livelihood issues it concerns.Then,this paper discusses the“function-continued utilization mode”that maintains the residential function,and the“function-replaced utilization mode”that changes the function of residence,and emphatically introduces the funding sources,operation methods,and social impact of the traditional residences used as welfare facilities,community facilities,and agricultural experience facilities.These cases show the impact of the regeneration projects on regional revitalization,reflecting the important characteristic of the regeneration movement in Japan that encourages commercial transformation while taking into account social welfare.On this basis,this paper further excavates the mechanism of protection and utilization of ancient residences in Japan,and analyzes the functions of participants and their relationships in the“government guides,community promotes,and the public participates”public–private collaboration mechanism.It point

关 键 词：传统民居 日本古民家 日本文化财 景观建造物 保护利用 

分 类 号：TU-098.1[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU241.5