《民法典》视野下生育权实现的利益冲突与协调  

Interest Conflict and Coordination in Reproductive Rights Realization:A Civil Code Framework Analysis

作　　者：朱晓峰[1] ZHU Xiaofeng

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院

出　　处：《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期97-112,共16页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：生育权既是《民法典》第990条第2款规定的自然人基于人身自由、人格尊严而享有的民法上的人格权益,又是公民的基本权利。由于生育权在实现上需要男女两性协作,因此呈现出冲突性的特点,法律需要关注自然人彼此之间因生育权的实现而存在的利益冲突,也需要关注自然人生育权实现上的私人利益与社会公共利益之间的冲突。对此,在《民法典》以尊重人格尊严作为人格权保护的首要价值的背景下,应以自然人生育权实现上的私人利益与其他利益尤其是社会公共利益的平衡保护立场,修正当前存在利益冲突时所采用的畸轻畸重做法,以此助益于低生育率时代自然人生育权实现的同时,兼顾社会公共利益的保护。Reproductive issues have long been a focal concern for individuals,society,and the state,constituting a key domain of legal regulation.In contemporary China,legal debates surrounding procreation primarily concentrate on two dimensions:(1)The permissible scope of assisted reproductive technology(ART)in exercising reproductive rights-specifically under what circumstances ART applications should be authorized;(2)How to establish a new equilibrium between promoting and restricting reproductive rights to address urgent social challenges arising from plummeting fertility rates and an accelerating aging population.To resolve the dual challenges,this study employs normative analysis,case analysis,and axiological examination.Building upon a clarified theoretical framework regarding the subjects entitled to reproductive rights,it systematically analyzes major types of interest conflicts in the realization of reproductive rights.It aims to provide theoretical foundations for resolving both interpersonal conflicts among equal civil subjects in reproductive decision-making and the inherent tensions between private interests and societal public welfare.Reproductive rights embody dual legal attributes,functioning both as fundamental rights and personality rights.This dual legal nature dictates that while the exercise of reproductive rights typically requires collaboration between the male and the female,their entitlement remains independent of identity relationships.Anchored in the constitutional principles of personal freedom and human dignity under Article 990(2)of China s Civil Code,reproductive rights,like other personality rights,are inherent to natural persons by birth,irrespective of social status.Nevertheless,their practical realization may encounter constraints arising from objective factors,such as physiological limitations or state policy regulations.Reproductive rights,in their practical realization,exhibit distinctive characteristics compared to other personality rights,primarily due to biological differences betwe

关 键 词：生育权 人格尊严 社会公共利益 单身女性 丧偶女性 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]