2008—2022年成都市新都区法定传染病流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Xindu district,Chengdu from 2008 to 2022

作　　者：刘祥欢 王旻 刘华 高敏[2] Liu Xianghuan;Wang Min;Liu Hua;Gao Min(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Xindu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610500,China;Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市新都区疾病预防控制中心传染病预防与控制科,成都610500 [2]首都医科大学营养与食品卫生学系,北京100069

出　　处：《首都医科大学学报》2025年第2期363-373,共11页Journal of Capital Medical University

摘　　要：目的分析成都市新都区法定传染病流行趋势和流行特征,探讨疾病谱变化,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2008—2022年成都市新都区法定传染病疫情资料,运用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果2008—2022年成都市新都区共报告法定传染病28种,66302例,年均报告发病率516.94/(10万);累计报告死亡266例,年均报告死亡率2.07/(10万),病死率0.40%。无甲类传染病报告,乙类传染病无明显季节性,丙类传染病有6~8月、10~12月两个发病高峰。男女性别比为1.41∶1,报告发病年龄以0~4岁居多,报告发病人群以散居儿童、幼托儿童、学生、农民、家务及待业人员为主。按照主要传播方式,年均报告发病率从高到低依次为肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病、血液及性传播传染病、虫媒及自然疫源传染病、其他传播途径传染病,传播模式由以肠道传染病为主逐步过渡为以呼吸道传染病为主。2020—2022年,除去新型冠状病毒感染和流感病例外,其余各类传播途径传染病报告发病均有所下降。报告发病病种主要集中在肺结核、乙肝、梅毒、流行性腮腺炎、手足口病、流行性感冒、其他感染性腹泻,每年报告发病顺位略有变动。结论2008—2022年成都市新都区乙类传染病报告发病呈稳中有降,丙类传染病报告发病整体呈波动上升特征,新型冠状病毒感染防控措施有利于降低法定传染病发病。需重点关注手足口病、流行性感冒、其他感染性腹泻、肺结核、乙肝等高发传染病及报告病死率较高病种艾滋病防控,应针对重点人群、重点季节、重点地区开展针对性健康干预,同时加强新发、少见传染病监测。Objective To analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu,and to explore the changes of disease spectrum,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods The epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu from 2008 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results From 2008 to 2022,a total of 66302 cases of 28 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Xindu District of Chengdu,with an average annual reported incidence of 516.94/100000.A total of 266 deaths were reported,with an average annual mortality rate of 2.07/100000 and a case fatality rate of 0.40%.No Class A infectious diseases were reported,and Class B infectious diseases had no obvious seasonality.Class C infectious diseases had two incidence peaks from June to August and from October to December.The sex ratio of male to female was 1.41∶1,and the age of onset was mostly 0-4 years old.The reported cases were mainly scattered children,preschool children,students,farmers,housework and unemployed people.According to the main mode of transmission,the annual average reported incidence rate from high to low was intestinal infectious diseases,respiratory infectious diseases,blood and sexually transmitted infectious diseases,insect-borne and natural focal infectious diseases,and other infectious diseases.The mode of transmission gradually transitioned from intestinal infectious diseases to respiratory infectious diseases.From 2020 to 2022,except for COVID-19 and influenza cases,the reported incidence of infectious diseases in other transmission routes decreased.The reported diseases were mainly concentrated in tuberculosis,hepatitis B,syphilis,mumps,hand-foot-mouth disease,influenza and other infectious diarrhea,and the annual reported incidence order changed slightly.Conclusion From 2008 to 2022,the reported incidence of Class B infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu

关 键 词：法定传染病 流行特征 疾病谱 传染病监测 发病率 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]