典型兽用抗生素在奶牛粪便堆肥过程中的消减规律研究  

Study on the Reduction Patterns of Typical Veterinary Antibiotics During the Composting Process of Cow Feces

作　　者：司海丽 朱英 纪立东[1] 秦丽莉 尚红莺[1] 李磊 刘菊莲 SI Haili;ZHU Ying;JI Lidong;QIN Lili;SHANG Hongying;LI Lei;LIU Julian(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee of Wuzhong,Wuzhong 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏吴忠国家农业科技园区管理委员会,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2025年第1期25-31,共7页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC03450);宁夏农业科技自主创新专项(NKYJ-22-02);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2022BEG02004)。

摘　　要：为了研究典型兽用抗生素在粪便堆肥过程中的消减规律及最终残留量,评价其生态风险,以奶牛粪便及典型兽用抗生素(四环素类、β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类)为试验材料,通过高温堆肥发酵,分别在发酵起始、升温期、高温期、降温期、陈化期、发酵结束6个阶段采集堆肥样品,分析不同发酵阶段几种典型抗生素的消减规律、养分含量及酶活性变化,明确抗生素的消减规律及残留量。结果表明:①在堆肥升温期抗生素总量呈现直线下降的趋势,堆肥高温期结束时抗生素总量消减72.7%,发酵降温期至陈化期,抗生素消减速度减缓,直至发酵结束抗生素总量去除率为96.3%。其中四环素类抗生素去除率在95%以上;β-内酰胺类和喹诺酮类抗生素去除率接近100%;磺胺类抗生素中,磺胺嘧啶去除率为100%,磺胺间甲氧嘧啶去除率为96.2%。②至发酵结束总养分质量比保持在40 g/kg,有机质质量分数随着堆肥发酵进程推移逐渐降低至33.24%,全盐质量比逐渐增加至43.8 g/kg。③过氧化物酶活性与脲酶活性随着堆肥进程推移逐渐分别增加至4.49 mg/(g·2 h)和3.47 mg/(g·24 h),蛋白酶在堆肥高温期活性最高,最大值为20.8 mg/(g·24 h)。In order to investigate the reduction patterns and final residues of typical veterinary antibiotics during the composting process of cow feces,and to evaluate their ecological risks,cow feces and typical veterinary antibiotics(tetracyclines,β-Lactams,quinolones,and sulfonamides)were used as experimental materials.Through high-temperature composting fermentation,samples were collected at six stages:starting fermentation,heating period,high-temperature period,cooling period,maturation period,and fermentation end.The reduction patterns of various typical antibiotics,nutrient content,and enzyme activity changes at different fermentation stages were analyzed to clarify the reduction patterns and residual levels of antibiotics.The results showed that:①the total amount of antibiotics showed a linear decreasing trend during the heating period with a reduction of 72.7%by the end of the high-temperature period.During the cooling period to the maturation period,the reduction rate of antibiotics slowed down,and by the end of fermentation,the total removal rate reached 96.3%.Among them,the removal rate of tetracycline antibiotics was over 95%,whileβ-lactams and quinolones approached 100%.In sulfonamides,the removal rate was 100%,and the removal rate of sulfamethoxazole was 96.2%.②By the end of fermentation,the total nutrients remained at 40 g/kg,the mass fraction of organic matter gradually decreased to 33.24%as the composting process progressed,and the total salt mass ratio gradually increased to 43.8 g/kg.③The activities of oxidase and urease gradually increased to 4.49 mg/(g·2 h)and 3.47 mg/(g·24 h)during the composting process,respectively;while protease exhibited the highest activity during the high-temperature period of composting,with a maximum value of 20.8 mg/(g·24 h).

关 键 词：兽用抗生素 奶牛粪便 堆肥过程 消减规律 生态风险 

分 类 号：S8-1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]