不同产奶量遗传潜力后备牛瘤胃微生物区系的比较  

Comparative Study on the Rumen Microbiota of Replacement Heifers with Different Genetic Potentials for Milk Production

作　　者：何丽丽 刘乐 马楠[1] 樊希雅 王玲[1] HE Lili;LIU Le;MA Nan;FAN Xiya;WANG Ling(School of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2025年第1期59-65,共7页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏农业育种专项(2019NYYZ05);宁夏重点研发项目(2023BCF01034)。

摘　　要：为研究不同产奶量遗传潜力后备牛瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃细菌群落的差异,选择14头体况相近、发育状况良好的7月龄后备牛在同一牛舍进行散栏饲养,喂食相同日粮。根据试验牛基因组综合育种值及其母亲上一胎次产奶量,将试验牛分为高产奶量遗传潜力组(H)和低产奶量遗传潜力组(L),晨饲前采集瘤胃液,对瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃细菌群结构进行分析比较。结果表明:L组瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度显著高于H组(P<0.05);L组瘤胃细菌丰富度显著高于H组(P<0.05),细菌群落多样性无显著差异。在细菌门水平上,拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门是7月龄不同产奶量遗传潜力后备牛瘤胃的优势菌门,L组变形菌门的相对丰度显著高于H组(P<0.01);在属水平上,不同产奶量遗传潜力后备牛瘤胃细菌相对丰度差异不显著(P>0.05)。可见,在采食相同日粮条件下,不同产奶量遗传潜力后备牛瘤胃细菌群落结构的差异小。In order to investigate the differences in rumen fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial communities of heifers with different genetic potentials for milk production,14 heifers of similar body condition and good development at 7 months of age were selected and raised in a loose housing system,fed the same diet.Based on the comprehensive breeding values of the experimental heifers’genomes and the milk production of their mothers in the previous lactation,the heifers were divided into a high genetic potential group for milk production(H)and a low group(L).Rumen fluid was collected before morning feeding to analyze and compare rumen fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial community structures.The results showed that the concentrations of acetate,propionate,butyrate,and total volatile fatty acids in the rumen of the L group were significantly higher than those in the H group(P<0.05);the rumen bacterial richness in the L group was significantly higher than that in the H group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in bacterial community diversity.At the phylum level,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the 7-month-old heifers with different genetic potentials for milk production,with the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the L group being significantly higher than that in the H group(P<0.01).At the genus level,there were no significant differences in rumen bacteria among heifers(P>0.05).It can be seen that under the same dietary conditions,the differences in the rumen bacterial community structures of heifers with different genetic potentials for milk production are minimal.

关 键 词：遗传潜力 7月龄后备牛 发酵参数 瘤胃细菌 

分 类 号：S823.9[农业科学—畜牧学]