设施栽培环境下灵武长枣开花的生物学特性观察  

Study on Flowering Biological Characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Lingwu Changzao in Protected Cultivation

作　　者：樊悦 宋丽华[1] 曹兵[1,2] 万仲武 FAN Yue;SONG Lihua;CAO Bing;WAN Zhongwu(School of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Technical College of Wine and Desertification Prevention,Yinchuan 750100,China;Lingwu Daquan Forest Farm,Lingwu 751400,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏葡萄酒与防沙治沙职业技术学院,宁夏银川750100 [3]宁夏灵武市大泉林场,宁夏灵武751400

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2025年第1期91-96,共6页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160360)。

摘　　要：以设施栽培灵武长枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Lingwuchangzao)嫁接植株为研究对象,采用定株、定枝、定花观察法,对灵武长枣开花生物学特性进行观察与分析,并运用生长度时数(GDH℃)和有效积温模型(D℃)对其开花所需要的积热量进行估算。结果表明:灵武长枣开花为昼开型;开花过程分为蕾期、开花期、坐果期3个阶段,包括现蕾期、现序期、蕾黄期、蕾裂期、初开期、萼片展平期、花瓣展平期、花瓣下垂期、雄蕊下垂期、坐果期10个时期;在设施栽培环境下,利用生长度时数模型估算设施栽培灵武长枣花朵开放需热量为16193.93 GDH℃,利用有效积温模型估算,需热量为113.99 D℃,表明灵武长枣开花属需热量较高的类型。This study focuses on Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Lingwuchangzao for protected cultivation,employing methods such as fixed plant,fixed branch and fixed flower observation to analyze the biological characteristics of flowering.The heat requirement for flowering is estimated using the Growth Degree Hour(GDH℃)model and the Effective Accumulated Temperature(D℃)model.The results indicate that the flowering of the Lingwuchangzao follows a diurnal pattern.The flowering process is divided into three phases:bud stage,flowering stage and fruiting stage,which includes ten periods:apparent bud period,bud differentiation period,bud yellowing period,bud splitting period,initial flowering period,sepal spreading period,petal spreading period,petal dropping period,anther drooping period,and fruit set period.Under the protected cultivation environment,the cumulative heat required for flowering is estimated to be 16193.93 GDH℃,and 113.99 D℃,respectively,indicating that Lingwuchangzao belongs to the type that requires higher cumulative heat.

关 键 词：灵武长枣 设施栽培 花发育 生物学特性 需热量 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]