电子束粉末床熔融增材制造装备和工艺研究进展  

Research progress on equipment and processes of electron beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

作　　者：尹敏 王建[2] YIN Min;WANG Jian(Department of Materials,Xi’an Aeronautical Institute,Xi’an 710077,China;State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Materials,Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research,Xi’an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]西安航空学院材料工程学院,西安710077 [2]西北有色金属研究院金属多孔材料国家重点实验室,西安710016

出　　处：《粉末冶金技术》2025年第2期224-232,共9页Powder Metallurgy Technology

摘　　要：电子束粉末床熔融增材制造技术具有功率大、能量利用率高、扫描速度快、成形应力低、真空环境成形等突出特点,是国内外竞相发展和应用的金属增材制造技术之一。近年来,国内外在电子束粉末床熔融增材制造装备和工艺方面取得多项突破性进展,长期困扰该技术创新发展应用的成形尺寸小和电子枪阴极寿命短等问题已经得到了有效解决,并且涌现出多种新成形工艺和成形质量在线监控技术,在高熔点、高反射率、脆性难加工金属材料复杂构件增材制造方面展现出更加广阔的应用前景。本文从装备发展、在线监控和成形工艺三个方面,对国内外近年来电子束粉末床熔融增材制造技术的新进展进行了综述,并对其发展趋势、面临的技术挑战和应用前景进行了分析和展望。Electron beam powder bed fusion(EB-PBF)technology,as an important metal additive manufacturing technology,has the outstanding characteristics,such as high power,high energy utilization,fast scanning speed,low forming stress,and vacuum environment forming,and attracts the increasing attention in academics and industry.In recent years,many breakthroughs have been made for EB-PBF system and process.The problems plagued the innovative development and application of EB-PBF technology,such as small forming dimensions and short life of cathode,have been preliminary solved,and multiple new forming processes and online monitoring technologies for forming quality have emerged.The additive manufacturing of complex components with high melting point,high reflectivity,brittle and difficult to machine has shown the broader application prospects.The new developments in EB-PBF additive manufacturing technology were reviewed both domestically and internationally in this article,including the system technology,forming process,and process monitoring,and the development trends,technological challenges,and application prospects were also analyzed and prospected.

关 键 词：增材制造 电子束粉末床熔融 装备技术 成形工艺 在线监控 

分 类 号：TF37[冶金工程—冶金机械及自动化] TG142.71[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]