微塑料对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及光系统Ⅱ的影响  

Effects of Microplastics on Growth,Chlorophyll Content and Photosystem II of Wheat Seedlings

作　　者：杨帆 张彦军 张蓓蓓[2] YANG Fan;ZHANG Yanjun;ZHANG Beibei(College of Geography and Environment,Baoji,Shaanxi 721013,China;School of Surveying and Mapping,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,Henan 454003,China;Baoji University of Arts and Sciences/Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation,Baoji,Shaanxi 721013,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721013 [2]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454003 [3]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2025年第3期37-44,共8页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41801069);陕西省科技厅项目(22JM-113)。

摘　　要：探究土壤中微塑料对农作物生长发育的影响对保障我国粮食安全尤为重要。本试验研究了不同浓度(0、0.7、1.4、2.1、2.8 g/kg)粒径(<6 um)的聚丙烯微塑料(polypropylene-microplastics,PP-MPs)对小麦幼苗生长、叶片叶绿素含量和光系统Ⅱ的影响。结果表明:处理7 d后,0.7~2.8 g/kg PP-MPs浓度对小麦比叶面积(SLA)均产生促进作用;处理14 d后,中低浓度和中高浓度(0.7~2.1 g/kg)的PP-MPs均降低了小麦的叶绿素a(Chla)和总叶绿素(Chla+b)含量,低浓度(0.7g/kg)PP-MPs显著降低了叶片的初始荧光(Fo)和最大荧光(Fm)值;处理21d后,低浓度PP-MPs显著降低了叶片的Chla、叶绿素a/b(Chla/b)和Fo值;各处理的叶绿素荧光快速诱导曲线(OJIP)得到标准化后差异较小;不同浓度PP-MPs均降低了小麦第14天光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)放氧复合体(OEC)的活性;小麦第21天中高浓度(2.1 g/kg)PP-MPs的电子产额(QY)达到最大值。综上,不同浓度(0.7~2.8 g/kg)PP-MPs对小麦的生长、叶绿素含量和光系统Ⅱ均存在显著影响,其中低浓度(0.7g/kg)PP-MPs对小麦幼苗生长和叶绿素含量的抑制作用最明显。Understanding the effects of microplastics in soil on crop growth and development is important for ensuring food security in China.This study examined how polypropylene microplastics(PP-MPs)at different concentrations(0,0.7,1.4,2.1,and 2.8 g/kg)affect the growth of wheat seedlings,leaf chlorophyll content,and photosystem II activity.The results showed that after 7 days,PP-MPs at concentrations between 0.7 and 2.8 g/kg helped increase the specific leaf area(SLA)of wheat seedlings.After 14 days,medium-low and medium-high concentrations of PP-MPs(0.7~2.1 g/kg)caused a decrease in chlorophyll a(Chla)and total chlorophyll(Chla+b)content,while a low concentration(0.7 g/kg)greatly reduced initial fluorescence(Fo)and maximum fluorescence(Fm)values.After 21 days,low-concentration PP-MPs(0.7 g/kg)further decreased Chla,the Chla/b ratio,and Fo values.Standardized chlorophyll fluorescence rapid induction curves(OJIP)showed only small differences between treatments.Regardless of concentration,PP-MPs reduced the activity of the photosystem II(PSII)oxygen-evolving complex(OEC)on the 14th day.On the 21st day,wheat seedlings exposed to 2.1 g/kg PP-MPs had the highest electron yield(QY).In conclusion,PP-MPs at concentrations of 0.7~2.8 g/kg have significant effects on wheat seedling growth,chlorophyll content,and PSII activity,with 0.7 g/kg PP-MPs showing the strongest inhibitory effect on growth and chlorophyll levels.

关 键 词：微塑料 小麦幼苗 生长发育 光合作用 毒性机制 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]