人力资本扩张、进口要素密集度升级与企业新产品出口——基于产品生命周期的视角  

Human Capital Expansion,Import Factor Intensive Upgrading and Firms’New Product Export:Based on the Perspective of Product Life-cycle

作　　者：周茂[1] 操方舟 杜艳 ZHOU Mao;CAO Fangzhou;DU Yan(School of International Business,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,611130;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,611130)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学国际商学院 [2]西南财经大学财政税务学院

出　　处：《中国经济问题》2025年第1期73-88,共16页China Economic Studies

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大专项(24ZDA059);习近平经济思想研究中心课题研究项目(AZ2024011);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72173100)。

摘　　要：作为科技、人才和创新的结合基础,高等教育是影响企业出口创新水平的重要因素。利用高等教育扩招的政策冲击,本文采用双重差分模型研究了产品生命周期视角下人力资本扩张对企业新产品出口的影响。研究结果表明:(1)人力资本扩张对企业新产品出口产生了显著的促进作用,这一结论在开展了识别假设检验和其他稳健性检验后依旧成立。(2)机制检验来看,人力资本扩张通过进口中间投入的种类密集度转换效应以及研发密集度、技术密集度和资本密集度提升效应进而促进了企业新产品出口。(3)异质性分析发现,人力资本扩张对企业新产品出口的促进作用对于外资企业、资源集中型企业、所在城市具有丰裕高等教育资源的企业以及市场化程度更高地区的企业更明显。研究结论为充分利用我国人力资本优化出口产品结构提供了理论依据,对促进贸易高质量发展和推进高水平对外开放具有重要意义。As a combination of science,technology,talent and innovation,higher education is an important factor affecting firms'export innovation.By exploiting higher education expansion,this paper employs difference-in-differences estimation to accurately evaluate the causal effect of human capital expansion on firms'new product exports.We find that:(1)from the perspective of product life-cycle,human capital expansion effectively enhances firms'new product exports,which is robust after many identifying hypothesis tests and other robustness tests.(2)Human capital expansion,through imported intermediate inputs'variety intensity conversion effect and research and development intensity,technology intensity and capital intensity enhancement effects,has promoted firms'new product exports.(3)For foreign-invested firms,resource-concentrated firms,firms in cities with abundant higher education resources,and firms in areas with higher degrees of marketization,the effect of human capital expansion on firms'new product exports is more pronounced.Our study provides strong theoretical evidence for the policy effect of China's higher education on exported product structure and is of great significance for enhancing“high-quality development”and promoting“high-level opening-up”.

关 键 词：人力资本 进口要素密集度 新产品出口 产品生命周期 

分 类 号：F740[经济管理—国际贸易]