日本污泥处置发展概况及对我国污泥资源化的启示  

Overview of Sludge Disposal Development in Japan and Its Enlightenment to Sludge Resource Utilization in China

作　　者：崔超 熊建军[1] 张荣兵[1] 姚大伟[1] 白家云 王佳佳 CUI Chao;XIONG Jian‑jun;ZHANG Rong‑bing;YAO Da‑wei;BAI Jia‑yun;WANG Jia‑jia(Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100044,China;Consulting and Research Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China;School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市排水集团有限责任公司,北京100044 [2]自然资源部咨询研究中心,北京100035 [3]中国地质大学<北京>土地科学技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2025年第6期19-25,共7页China Water & Wastewater

摘　　要：目前,我国污泥资源化发展存在一些瓶颈问题,为此总结学习了日本污泥资源化管理经验,分析了日本污泥产量及处置概况、资源化利用方式和日本污泥制肥管理政策及要求,以期为国内污泥资源化的发展规划提供借鉴。结果显示,1988年—2007年日本全国污泥产量呈现逐年增加趋势,增幅达66.2%,资源化利用率从1988年的15%逐年增加至2010年的78%。2011年受日本福岛核电站核泄漏事故的影响,污泥资源化率降至55%,此后污泥资源化率又稳步增加,2017年恢复至73%。目前,日本已形成以建材利用为主线的资源化模式,截至2017年约占污泥总量的47%,建材产品多元化,以污泥制水泥产品为主。日本污泥绿化农用方式稳步发展,截至2017年约占全国污泥总量的15%,以污泥制肥方向为主。同时,日本通过立法形成了较为完善的污泥制肥市场准入制度,划分了不同污泥肥料产品种类,明确了产品管理要求。当前日本污泥肥料占全国普通肥料的15.8%~16.3%,其中以污泥发酵肥料为主,占污泥肥料总量的76.8%~78.3%。借鉴日本发展经验,我国在未来污泥资源化发展过程中应深入开拓多元化污泥衍生产品,积极发展污泥衍生产品的政府采购模式,探索构建污泥产品肥料市场准入制度,促进污泥资源化发展进程。To address the bottlenecks in sludge resource utilization in China,this study reviews Japan’s experience in sludge resource management,and analyzes its sludge production,disposal,resource utilization methods,and associated policies and requirements,to provide reference for domestic sludge resource development planning.The findings indicate that sludge production in Japan increased by 66.2%from 1988 to 2007.The resource utilization rate increased from 15%in 1988 to 78%in 2010.Due to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011,the resource utilization rate was only 55%.Since then,the sludge resource utilization rate has steadily increased and recovered to 73%in 2017.At present,Japan had established a dominant sludge resource utilization pathway focused on building materials,which accounted for about 47%of total sludge by 2017.And the building materials products were diversified,with the sludge cement products being the main focus.The sludge resource utilization of agricultural greening applications had developed steadily,accounting for about 15%of the total sludge by 2017,mainly for sludge fertilizer production.At the same time,Japan had formed a relatively complete market access system for sludge fertilizer production,divided the types of sludge fertilizer products,and defined management standards.Currently,sludge fertilizer accounted for 15.8%-16.3%of the common fertilizer in Japan,among which sludge fermented fertilizer was the main product,accounting for 76.8%78.3%of the total sludge fertilizer.By learning from Japan’s development experience,China should focus on diversifying sludge products,actively adopting government procurement models,establishing market access systems,and promoting the development process of sludge resource utilization.

关 键 词：日本 污泥处置 污泥资源化 污泥制建材 污泥制肥 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]