日本污水流行病学发展及其在病毒流行趋势预测中的应用  

Development of Wastewater‑based Epidemiology in Japan and Its Application in Predicting Viral Epidemic Trends

作　　者：贺凯 陈诗颖 张钰旋 刘泽军 齐元峰 郝爱民 张锁 尹启东 HE Kai;CHEN Shi‑ying;ZHANG Yu‑xuan;LIU Ze‑jun;QI Yuan‑feng;HAO Ai‑min;ZHANG Suo;YIN Qi‑dong(School of Civil Engineering,Sun Yat‑sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;KeyLaboratory of Marine Civil Engineering of Guangdong Province,Zhuhai 519082,China;School of Engineering,The University of Tokyo,Japan;School of Environmental andMunicipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266033,China;Collegeof Life and Environmental Science,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,China;ShanghaiMunicipal Engineering Design InstituteCo.Ltd.,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学土木工程学院,广东珠海519082 [2]广东省海洋土木工程重点实验室,广东珠海519082 [3]东京大学工学系研究科,日本 [4]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东青岛266033 [5]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江温州325035 [6]上海市政工程设计研究总院<集团>有限公司,上海200092

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2025年第6期26-33,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2024A1515011909、2023B1515040028);国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2022YFE0104900);佛山市顺德区核心技术攻关项目(2230218004273);珠海市社会发展领域科技计划项目(2320004000067);中山大学大学生创新训练项目(202410558126)。

摘　　要：由诺如病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒和SARS-CoV-2等引发的传染病在全球范围内大规模流行,对人类生活造成巨大冲击,并带来严重的经济损失。同时,这些病毒的感染也对患者及其接触人群的健康构成了严重威胁。因此,如何高效且经济地开展病毒预警监测显得尤为重要。污水流行病学作为一种研究方法,通过分析污水中的病毒含量,并结合病毒的存活特征、污水量及服务人口等关键数据可解析地区内的病毒感染趋势。通过整理和分析日本污水流行病学监测技术及应用案例,指出了污水中低浓度病毒检测面临的巨大挑战。同时,阐述了日本在污水中病毒检测技术的优化改进以及病毒感染预测模型等方面的研究进展。结合这些研究成果,探讨了污水流行病学监测作为公共卫生预警和监测系统的应用意义及其未来发展方向,旨在为我国建立和优化污水流行病学监测系统提供参考。The outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by Norovirus,Poliovirus,and SARS-CoV-2 have profoundly impacted human life,causing serious economic damage to society,and posing serious health risks to both infected individuals and their close contacts.Thus,the development of efficient and economical techniques for early warning and monitoring of the virus outbreak is critically important.As a research method,wastewater‑based epidemiology examines the virus content in wastewater and integrates factors such as virus survival characteristics,wastewater volume,and the population served to monitor and predict regional trends in virus infections.This study reviews past Japanese virus epidemiological surveillance techniques and application case,and highlights challenges faced in detecting low concentrations of virus in wastewater in Japan.Additionally,this work explores advancements in Japan’s wastewater‑based virus detection technologies and predictive models.Based on these findings,the study outlines the significance and future directions of wastewater‑based epidemiology as a public health early warning and prediction system.Ultimately,this work aims to provide valuable insights for establishing and optimizing wastewater‑based epidemiology monitor systems for early virus detection and warning in China.

关 键 词：污水流行病学 病毒检测 公共卫生预警 日本 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]