机械加工废乳化液分类处理工艺及抗冲击运行策略  

Classified Treatment Process for Mechanical Processing Waste Emulsion and Anti‑impact Load Operation Strategy

作　　者：贺梦凡 吴宝强 王宇 陆斌[1] 黄翔峰[1] 郑维伟 薛佳 杨文新 彭开铭[1] HE Meng‑fan;WU Bao‑qiang;WANG Yu;LU Bin;HUANG Xiang‑feng;ZHENG Wei‑wei;XUE Jia;YANG Wen‑xin;PENG Kai‑ming(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Jiangsu Lüsaige Regenerated Co.Ltd.,Changzhou 213000,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]江苏绿赛格再生资源利用有限公司,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2025年第6期122-129,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978490);上海市自然科学基金资助项目(20ZDR1461200);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202003-02)。

摘　　要：机械加工废乳化液污染物种类多、浓度高且波动大,给传统单一处理工艺的稳定高效运行带来较大挑战。基于废乳化液集中处理的技改项目,构建了机械加工废乳化液物化-生化分类处理工艺,并重点探究了污染物负荷对生物硝化功能的影响。工程实践表明,物化处理段分别采用蒸发、磁破乳分离、混凝气浮等技术进行分类分质处理,可显著提高对复杂废乳化液的普适性;对TN和NH_(3)-N的去除率不足60%,但对COD、油类、SS和TP等的平均去除率均大于90%。在生化段的运行调试中发现,进水COD和NH_(3)-N波动范围分别为2885~5100和60~170 mg/L,它们是显著影响生物脱氮的主控因素;进水COD及NH_(3)-N容积负荷分别与生化出水NH_(3)-N浓度呈正相关,相应地,保证系统稳定硝化的临界容积负荷分别为1.13、0.034 kg/(m^(3)·d)。技改项目的综合处理成本较改造前显著降低。分类分质处理的工程实践与生化段运行负荷控制研究为废乳化液高效稳定处理提供了工艺思路和运行参数借鉴。Mechanical processing waste emulsions contain diverse pollutants with high concentrations and significant fluctuations,posing significant challenges to the stable and efficient operation of traditional single treatment process.This study,based on a technical transformation project for centralized waste emulsion treatment,developed a combined physicochemical and biochemical treatment process tailored for mechanical processing waste emulsions.The study focused on exploring the impact of pollutant load on biological nitrification.In the physicochemical treatment stage,practices such as evaporation,magnetic demulsification and separation,coagulation,and air flotation were implemented to classify and treat emulsions.These methods significantly enhanced the process’s versatility for handling various waste emulsions.While the removal rates of TN and NH_(3)-N were below 60%,the average removal rates of COD,oil,SS,and TP exceeded 90%.In the biochemical treatment stage,operational and debugging processes revealed that influent COD and NH_(3)-N concentrations fluctuated between 2885-5100 mg/L and 60-170 mg/L,respectively.These fluctuations significantly affected the stability of biological denitrification.The NH_(3)-N concentration in biochemical effluent was positively correlated with the influent COD and NH_(3)-N volumetric loads.Critical influent COD and NH_(3)-N volumetric loads for stable biological nitrification were identified as 1.13 kg/(m^(3)·d)and 0.034 kg/(m^(3)·d),respectively.Overall,the comprehensive treatment cost of the technical transformation project was significantly reduced compared to the previous process.The engineering practices and operational load control studies provide valuable insights and operational parameters for the efficient and stable treatment of waste emulsions.

关 键 词：废乳化液 油水分离 分类处理 生物脱氮 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]