钻井液用沥青处理技术进展  

Research Progress on Bitumen Treatment Technologies for Drilling Fluids

作　　者：杨洁 王京华 YANG Jie;WANG Jinghua(Oilfield Chemistry Research Institute,China Oilfield Services Limited,Hebei Sanhe 065201,China)

机构地区：[1]中海油田服务股份有限公司油田化学研究院,河北三河065201

出　　处：《广州化工》2025年第6期25-29,共5页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

基　　金：中海油服服务股份有限公司(YHB24YF016)。

摘　　要：随着常规石油储量逐渐枯竭及能源需求增加,对油砂、含沥青质稠油油藏开发逐渐增多。由于沥青质含杂原子,其极性基团有强的结合力,地层中的沥青质易自聚集和吸附在钻具上,导致出现钻具阻卡和糊筛等复杂问题,对钻井工程安全带来极大的挑战。本文从沥青质的化学特性角度分析讨论了处理钻井液中沥青的技术思路,主要为沥青分散、金属表面钝化、沥青分离等技术。并对近年来的国内外钻井液用沥青抑制技术进展进行了梳理,其中包含相应的处理剂、处理剂作用机理、钻井液技术等,以及讨论了这些技术在现场应用方面的成效,对提出了新的钻井液用的沥青处理剂发展方向。With the gradual depletion of conventional oil reserves and increasing energy demand,the development of oil sands and bituminous heavy oil reservoirs is becoming more frequent.Due to the presence of heteroatoms in asphaltenes,their polar groups have strong binding capabilities,making bitumen in the formation prone to self-aggregation and adsorption on drilling tools.This leads to complex issues such as stuck tool and blinding screen,posing significant challenges to the safety of drilling operations.This article analyzes and discusses the technical approaches for treating bitumen in drilling fluids from the perspective of their chemical properties,mainly focusing on asphalt dispersion,metal surface passivation,and asphalt separation technologies.It also reviews the progress in asphalt inhibition technologies for drilling fluids in recent years,including relevant treatment agents,their mechanisms of action,and drilling fluid technologies.Additionally,it discusses the effectiveness of these technologies in field applications and proposes new directions for developing bitumen treatment agents for drilling fluids.

关 键 词：钻井液 沥青 稠油 油砂 沥青分散 沥青包被 

分 类 号：TE242[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]