分散决策下的电力平衡机制分析与启示:以德国平衡结算单元为例  

Analysis and Implications of Power Balancing Mechanism Under Decentralized Decision-making:An Example of Electricity Markets Based on Balancing Groups in Germany

作　　者：单兰晴 宋昊天 唐庆虎 郭鸿业 侯胜任 康重庆[1] SHAN Lanqing;SONG Haotian;TANG Qinghu;GUO Hongye;HOU Shengren;KANG Chongqing(State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control(Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University),Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China;Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Mathematics and Computer Science,Delft University of Technology,Delft 2628SK,Netherlands)

机构地区：[1]新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室(清华大学电机系),北京市海淀区100084 [2]代尔夫特理工大学电气数学和计算机部,荷兰代尔夫特2628SK

出　　处：《电网技术》2025年第4期1436-1446,I0035,共12页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目“适应我国国情的电力平衡单元交易机制与关键技术研究”(5108-202218280A-2-287-XG)。

摘　　要：随全球能源系统向低碳化转型,可再生能源在电力系统中渗透率不断提高,其不确定性增大了电力市场的出清压力与电力系统的调度压力,为电力的平衡带来挑战。文章聚焦以德国平衡结算单元机制为例的典型分散决策电力平衡机制,分析了分散决策机制中市场主体自主性的增强、系统集聚不确定性的减弱与调度压力的降低等优势。首先,介绍了上述机制的基本结构、运作方式与平衡结算单元作为关键组成的参与作用;然后,分析了德国电力平衡结算单元机制的规则特点、实际运行中的配套机制,并剖析了该机制的分散平衡特性;最后,开展了相关市场化平衡机制引入我国面临的问题与适应性探索,提出了调度层级、市场参与、市场衔接与技术支持方面的建议。The penetration of renewable energy in power systems is continually increasing as the global energy system transitions to low-carbon,leading to greater uncertainty intensifying the clearing pressure in electricity markets and the dispatching pressure in power systems.These factors pose challenges to the selection of power-balancing mechanisms.This paper focuses on the typical decentralized decision-making balancing mechanism exemplified by the Balancing Group mechanism in Germany.It analyzes its advantages,such as enhanced autonomy of market participants,reduced aggregation of system uncertainty,and lowered dispatch pressure.The paper first introduces the mechanism's fundamental structure and operational methods,highlighting the role of balancing groups as a key component.Next,it analyzes the characteristics of the German Balancing Group mechanism rules and the supporting mechanisms in actual operations and explores the decentralized nature of this mechanism.Finally,it explores the issues and adaptability faced in introducing related market-oriented balancing mechanisms in China,offering recommendations on dispatch levels,market participation,market integration,and technical support.

关 键 词：电力市场 平衡结算单元 电力平衡 平衡市场 平衡责任 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]