面向日前市场邀约的电动自行车换电站运行规划  

Electric Bicycle Battery Swapping Station Operation Scheduling Towards Day-ahead Market Invitation

作　　者：赵博超 王怡 赵建立 栾文鹏 左娟 刘博[1] 吴丹 ZHAO Bochao;WANG Yi;ZHAO Jianli;LUAN Wenpeng;ZUO Juan;LIU Bo;WU Dan(School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin University,Nankai District,Tianjin 300072,China;Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Co.,Ltd.,China Southern Power Grid,Shenzhen 518001,Guangdong Province,China;State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company,Pudong New Area,Shanghai 200122,China;State Grid Shanghai Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Pudong New Area,Shanghai 200120,China;Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion,Ministry of Education(Shanghai Jiao Tong University),Minhang District,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津市南开区300072 [2]南方电网深圳供电局有限公司,广东省深圳市518001 [3]国网上海市电力公司,上海市浦东新区200122 [4]国网上海能源互联网研究院,上海市浦东新区200120 [5]电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室(上海交通大学),上海市闵行区200240

出　　处：《电网技术》2025年第4期1491-1499,I0051-I0053,共12页Power System Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2401203);国家自然科学青年科学基金项目(52307133);天津市自然科学基金青年项目(23JCQNJC01670);天津市计量科技项目(2024TJMT028)。

摘　　要：在中国,电动自行车是最常见的代步工具之一,而数以千万计的外卖骑手更是其稳定用户。作为一种安全高效的补能方式,近年来大量电动自行车换电站(electric bicycle battery swapping station,EB-BSS)被部署在街头巷尾。该文提出了一种面向日前市场需求响应邀约的EB-BSS充放电规划方法,旨在满足EB-BSS换电服务的基础上实现峰谷电价差套利和需求响应获益。首先,采用模糊概率集对考虑不确定性的换电需求进行建模。然后,EB-BSS日前规划问题被表示为一个在役电池-退役电池充放电联合优化模型,优化目标为EB-BSS运营总收益最大化。EB-BSS运营总收益由提供换电服务和参与需求响应的收益扣除购电和电池损耗的成本得到,而约束条件则涉及功率、电池荷电状态、换电需求和换电服务质量。基于真实数据的实验和案例研究结果均表明,该文所提EB-BSS日前充放电规划方法有效提升了其需求响应能力并稳定获益,同时保证了换电服务质量;结果还证实了基于所提规划方法,在EB-BSS中灵活地再利用退役电池可提升需求响应能力。In China,electric bicycles are one of the most common means of transportation,with millions of food delivery riders as loyal users.As a safe and efficient recharging method,massive electric bicycle battery swapping stations(EB-BSSs)have recently been widely deployed in cities.This paper proposes a charging/discharging scheduling method for EB-BSS towards the day-ahead market,aiming to satisfy the battery swapping service and perform arbitrage from both peak-valley difference and demand response.To achieve this,an ambiguity probability set models the battery swapping demand with uncertainty.Then,the day-ahead EB-BSS scheduling problem is formulated as an in-service-battery-retired-battery charging/discharging joint optimization model to maximize the total revenue,which is earnings from providing battery swapping services and demand response participation,deducting electricity bills and battery degradation costs.The corresponding constraints involve power,battery state of charge,battery swapping demand,and the quality of battery swapping service.The experiments and case studies are conducted on real-world data.The results indicate that the proposed method effectively enhances the demand response capability of EB-BSS and achieves profits in all cases while ensuring the quality of battery-swapping services.It is also verified that flexibly reusing retired batteries in EB-BSS can enhance the DR capability based on the proposed method.

关 键 词：电动自行车换电站 退役电池再利用 日前充放电规划 不确定性 需求响应 

分 类 号：TM721[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]