胚胎干细胞技术在北京黑猪的种质资源保护中的应用前景  

The Application Prospect of Embryonic Stem Cells in Germplasm Resources Protection of Beijing Black Pig

作　　者：杨靖辉 倪雪静 胡鑫[2] 路宇昊 路永强 曹素英[1] Yang Jinghui;Ni Xuejing;Hu xin;Lu Yuhao;Lu Yongqiang;Cao Suying(College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing,100096;Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Changping District,Beijing,100096;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing,100081;Animal Husbandry Station,Beijing,100101)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院动物科学技术学院,北京100096 [2]北京市昌平区动物疫病预防控制中心,北京100096 [3]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [4]北京市畜牧总站,北京100101

出　　处：《中国畜禽种业》2025年第3期68-76,共9页The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding

基　　金：北京市农业农村局项目(11000024T000002852090);羊多能干细胞建系及其向配子定向诱导分化研究(2023ZD040750406)。

摘　　要：种业是农业的“芯片”,种质资源则是种业的核心,对保障国家粮食安全和重要农产品供给具有重要意义。近年来,我国出台了一系列政策,推动种业自主创新,特别是畜禽种质资源的保护与利用。北京作为科技创新中心,其育种工作具有示范意义。北京黑猪是通过本地土猪与引入猪种杂交改良而成,兼具本地猪的抗逆性和外来猪的生长优势。该文以北京黑猪为例,探讨了胚胎干细胞在种质资源保护与利用中的应用。文章详细介绍了北京黑猪的培育历史、性状特征及其在育种中的应用,并阐述了胚胎干细胞的分离、培养及其在动物育种中的潜力。通过胚胎干细胞技术,可以实现快速定向育种,有效保存种质资源,避免遗传偏差和基因污染。尽管技术已相对成熟,但仍需解决社会接受度、技术人员需求等问题。总体而言,胚胎干细胞技术在种质资源保护与利用中具有广阔的应用前景。The seed industry is the"chip"of agriculture,and germplasm resources are the core of the seed industry,playing a strate gic role in ensuring national food security and the supply of important agricultural products.In recent years,China has introduced a series of policies to promote independent innovation in the seed industry,particularly focusing on the conservation and utilization of livestock and poultry germplasm resources.As a scientific and technological innovation hub,Beijing's breeding efforts serve as a model for other regions.The Beijing Black Pig was developed through the crossbreeding and improvement of local indigenous pigs with introduced pig breeds,combining the disease resistance of local pigs with the growth advantages of foreign breeds.This paper takes the Beijing Black Pig as an example to explore the application of embryonic stem cells in the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.The paper details the breeding history,phenotypic characteristics,and breeding applications of the Beijing black pig,and elaborates on the isolation,cultivation,and potential of embryonic stem cells in animal breeding.Through embryonic stem cell technology,rapid directional breeding can be achieved,effectively preserving germplasm resources and avoiding genetic deviations and contamination.Although the technology is relatively mature,it still needs to solve the problems of social acceptance and technical personnel needs.Overall,embryonic stem cell technology has broad application prospects in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources.

关 键 词：北京黑猪 胚胎干细胞 种质资源 动物育种 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]