东莞市水乡地区农业土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价  

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Soils in Water Town Area of Dongguan City

作　　者：谭晓辉 黄灏 胡荣光 邓奕球 曾经文 王秀娟 Tan Xiaohui;Huang Hao;Hu Rongguang;Deng Yiqiu;Zeng Jingwen;Wang Xiujuan(Dongguan Ecological Environment Monitoring Station in Guangdong Province,Dongguan 523000,Guangdong,China;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China,Guangzhou 510655,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省东莞生态环境监测站,广东东莞523000 [2]生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655

出　　处：《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2025年第2期587-600,共14页Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1800304)。

摘　　要：为了解东莞市水乡地区农业土壤重金属污染状况及生态与暴露风险,选择水乡地区蔬菜基地和大型交通干线两侧农田为研究区,分别采集蔬菜基地研究点和大型交通干线两侧农田研究点的土壤和蔬菜样品各32件进行研究。首先采用单因子污染指数(I_(P))和内梅罗综合污染指数(P_(N))评价Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni等八种重金属的污染特征,并进行生态风险评价和农产品质量安全评价,然后对重金属污染成因进行探究。结果表明:蔬菜基地土壤除Ni外,其余七种重金属质量分数的平均值均低于该市土壤背景值;大型交通干线两侧农田土壤除Pb和Ni外,其余六种重金属质量分数的平均值均低于水乡地区平均值,除Pb、Zn和Ni外,其余五种重金属质量分数的平均值均低于该市土壤背景值。单因子污染指数显示,蔬菜基地和大型交通干线两侧农田土壤均存在重金属累积现象,其中蔬菜基地存在6.67%的研究点中Cd质量分数超过农用土壤污染风险筛选值,大型交通干线两侧农田分别存在17.64%、23.53%、5.88%的研究点中Cd、Pb、Cu质量分数超过农用土壤污染风险筛选值,以上污染值均未超过污染风险管制值。内梅罗综合污染指数评价显示,蔬菜基地和大型交通干线两侧农田土壤均存在不同程度的轻微污染,处于轻度污染等级的比例分别为40.00%和64.70%。生态风险评价显示:蔬菜基地中有6.67%的研究点中Hg的单因子潜在生态风险指数(I_(e))达到中等潜在生态风险水平,6.67%的研究点中综合潜在生态风险指数(I_(r))处于中等潜在生态风险水平;大型交通干线两侧农田中有11.76%的Cd和17.64%的研究点中Hg的I_(e)达到中等潜在生态风险水平,有5.58%的研究点中I_(r)处于中等潜在生态风险水平。农产品质量安全评价显示,蔬菜基地土壤和大型交通干线两侧农田农产品中均存在Cd超标。蔬菜基地中重金属超标的�To investigate the heavy metal pollution status and ecological and exposure risks in agricultural soils of the water town area in Dongguan City,vegetable bases and agricultural land of large traffic arteries both sides within the water town area were selected as study sites.A total of 32 soil and vegetable samples each were collected from vegetable bases and agricultural land of large traffic arteries both sides for analysis.Firstly,the pollution characteristics of eight heavy metals,including Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,and Ni,were evaluated using the single-factor pollution index(I_(P))and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index(P_(N)).And then,ecological risk assessment and agricultural product quality and safety assessment were conducted,and the causes of heavy metal pollution were finally investigated.The results showed that the mean values of the mass fractions of the remaining seven heavy metals in vegetable bases soils were lower than the city’s soil background values,except for Ni;The mean values of the mass fractions of the remaining six heavy metals in agricultural land of large traffic arteries both sides were lower than the mean values in the water town area,except for Pb and Ni;And the mean values of the mass fractions of the remaining heavy metals,except for Pb,Zn,and Ni,were lower than the city’s soil background values.Based on the single-factor pollution index,heavy metal accumulation is observed in the soil of vegetable bases and agricultural land of large traffic arteries both sides.Within the vegetable bases,6.67%of the sampling sites exhibit Cd mass fraction surpassing the risk screening values for agricultural soil.In agricultural land of large traffic arteries both sides,17.64%,23.53%,and 5.88%of the sampling sites display Cd,Pb,and Cu mass fraction exceeding the risk screening values for agricultural soil,all remaining below the regulatory thresholds for pollution risk.Evaluation of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index showed that agricultural land of large traffic arteries both sides

关 键 词：农业土壤 重金属 污染特征 生态风险 污染指数 危害指数 水乡地区 东莞市 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]