福建漳州圣杯屿元代沉船出水龙泉青瓷科技考古研究  

A Scientific and Archaeological Study on Longquan Celadon Remains of the Yuan-Dynasty Shipwreck at Shengbeiyu Island Site,Zhangzhou,Fujian

作　　者：郁永彬 梁国庆 张颢馨 刘莹 陈浩 阮永好 Yu Yongbin;Liang Guoqing;Zhang Haoxin;Liu Ying;Chen Hao;Ruan Yonghao

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心 [2]龙泉市博物馆 [3]福建省考古研究院 [4]漳州市文物保护中心

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2025年第3期33-42,147,共11页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：龙泉窑是中国历史上生产规模最大的著名窑场,也是海上丝绸之路上中国对外输出产品及窑业技术最多的古代窑场。福建漳州圣杯屿沉船出水瓷器即为元代龙泉窑瓷器,具有重要的学术价值,其技术特征和产地有待通过科技手段进行分析解读。分析研究表明,圣杯屿沉船出水龙泉青瓷样本与龙泉大窑地区青瓷的氧化铝含量比较接近,主要来自龙泉南区,少部分来自龙泉东区。经检测的圣杯屿沉船出水龙泉青瓷釉的化学组成符合元代龙泉青瓷釉料配比的技术特征。本次研究结果表明,圣杯屿出水龙泉青瓷样本至少可分为两个群组,即至少来自两个制瓷作坊,其中小盘和碗可能在一个作坊里制作,大盘、盏、碟、香炉和高足杯在另外的作坊里制作,说明元代龙泉外销青瓷生产环节分工较为明晰。The Longquan Kiln complex known as the largest manufacturer of porcelain production in the history of China once contributes most to exporting the products and techniques along the Maritime Silk Road of ancient times.The ceramics remaining in the shipwreck at Shengbeiyu Island in Zhangzhou,Fujian are identified as the products of Longquan celadon of the Yuan Dynasty.The tests indicate:they contain aluminum oxide as much as the ones of the Longquan Dayao area;they are mostly made in the south of Longquan except a few in the east,which adopt the glaze formula featuring the Yuan Dynasty Longquan celadons.Second,the tested Longquan celadon objects can be classified into no less than two different groups by size and function,they are fired in separated kilns.Broadly,the small plates and bowls form one group,whereas the large plates,cups,saucers,incense burners and stemmed cups make the other.The production procedure of Longquan celadon for export is implemented with definite division of labor in Yuan Dynasty.

关 键 词：圣杯屿沉船 龙泉青瓷 元代 成分分析 产地判别 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]