清代铜造像莲瓣套研究  

A Review of a Qing-Dynasty Copper Lotus Petals Design

作　　者：达微佳 Da Weijia

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院器物部

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2025年第3期102-114,150,共14页Palace Museum Journal

基　　金：故宫博物院与德国“德藏八国联军侵华期间中国流失文物溯源研究”(Traces of the “Boxer War” in German Museum Collections)项目的部分成果。

摘　　要：德国汉堡民族学博物馆收藏的铜造像莲瓣套,出自清代一类具有特殊莲座的造像。此类莲座模仿自明代毗卢遮那佛千叶莲座,在莲座表面的莲瓣上装饰佛或菩萨的形象。山西北部地区自宋金时期起,出现在佛像莲座的莲瓣表面装饰图案的现象,图案根据主尊身份的不同而有所变化,装饰坐佛则是为了体现华严宗的华藏世界。乾隆皇帝自五台山朝觐归来后,将所见殊像寺文殊菩萨像在莲瓣上装饰坐佛的方法运用到宫廷造像中,并创造出新的造像莲座装饰方式,即铜造像莲瓣套。但因费财费力,此种莲座装饰并没有得到流行。This thesis takes for a case study the sets of copper Buddha statue seated on lotus petal of Museum Am Rothenbaum World Cultures and Arts at Hamburg of Germany,the Buddhist statues derive from a unique-styled lotus seat design of the Qing Dynasty,they are modeled after the thousand-petal lotus seat of Vairocana Buddha of the Ming Dynasty with the images of Buddha or Bodhisattva on the petals of each.The decorative lotus-seat petals came out around the northern Shanxi region ever from the Song and Jin dynasties,the motif of a seated Buddha on lotus petals is decided by the status of the Buddha or Bodhisattva,which symbolizes the Pure Land of Vairocana.After Emperor Qianlong(乾隆)returning from his pilgrim to Wutai Mountain,he introduced to the Court the decoration of lotus petals with seated Buddhas,the same way as Ma?jusrī Bodhisattva is embodied in Shuxiang Temple of Wutai Mountain.However,this design of Buddha statues failed to gain popularity due to the high costs and labor involved,despite its innovative nature.

关 键 词：铜莲瓣 新样文殊 乾隆皇帝 华严宗 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]