呼吸道合胞病毒感染患儿下呼吸道菌群特征分析  

Lower respiratory tract microbiota characteristics in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection

作　　者：孟辰芳 杨雪梅 蒋婷婷 汤鹤 刘芳 黄淑艺 杨晓轩 曾希 申阿东 孙琳 MENG Chenfang;YANG Xuemei;JIANG Tingting;TANG He;LIU Fang;HUANG Shuyi;YANG Xiaoxuan;ZENG Xi;SHEN Adong;SUN Lin(Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children,Ministry of Education,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases,Beijing Pediatric Research Institute,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100045,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心,首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院,北京市儿科研究所呼吸疾病研究室,国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心,儿科重大疾病研究教育部重点实验室,儿童呼吸道感染性疾病研究北京市重点实验室,北京100045 [2]首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院保定医院 [3]郑州大学附属儿童医院,河南省儿童医院,郑州儿童医院,河南省儿童感染性疾病国际联合实验室

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2025年第2期199-206,214,共9页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：北京市卫生健康委员会高层次公共卫生技术人才培养计划(2023-02-04);北京市卫生健康委员会改革与发展项目。

摘　　要：目的分析呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)感染患儿与非感染儿童下呼吸道菌群的物种组成和丰度差异,揭示RSV感染影响下呼吸道菌群而介导疾病发生发展的可能机制。方法纳入2021年9月至2021年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院和首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院保定医院收治的69例RSV下呼吸道感染患儿(RSV组)及39例非感染儿童(对照组)为研究对象。留取两组儿童痰液样本,使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000平台对细菌16S rRNA基因V3−V4区进行高通量测序。通过QIIME平台对测序数据进行分析,比较组间儿童呼吸道菌群的多样性差异,以及各组在物种组成和丰度上的差异,分析丰度前10位的优势菌属与临床指标的相关性。结果与对照组相比,RSV组患儿下呼吸道菌群物种丰富度显著降低,Shannon指数显著下降(P<0.001)。两组儿童的下呼吸道菌群整体构成存在显著差异(基于Bray-Curtis距离,P=0.001)。在门水平上,与对照组儿童相比,RSV组患儿变形菌门丰度显著升高,而拟杆菌门的丰度显著降低(均P<0.001);在属水平上,RSV组患儿下呼吸道链球菌属、劳尔菌属和莫拉菌属的丰度显著升高,而普雷沃菌属和韦荣球菌属等共生菌的丰度显著下降(均P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果表明,下呼吸道菌群构成改变与RSV患儿临床指标存在显著关联(均P<0.05)。结论RSV感染患儿存在下呼吸道菌群紊乱、菌群多样性下降。呼吸道菌群特征的变化与疾病进展具有一定相关性。Objective To analyze the differences in microbial composition and abundance of lower respiratory tract flora between children with respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infection and non-infectious disease controls,and reveal the potential mechanisms through which RSV influences the onset and progression of the disease by altering the lower respiratory tract microbiota.Methods A total of 69 children diagnosed with RSV lower respiratory tract infection(RSV group)and 39 controls(control group)from the hospital between September and December 2021 were enrolled.Sputum samples were collected and subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform.The sequencing data were analyzed using the QIIME platform to compare respiratory flora diversity and bacterial community composition between the groups.The correlations between the 10 most abundant genera and various clinical indicators were assessed.Results Compared to the controls,the children with RSV infection exhibited a significant reduction in species richness and a decreased Shannon index(P<0.001).Significant disparities were also noted in the composition of respiratory flora between the two groups(Bray-Curtis dissimilarity,P=0.001).At the phylum level,the RSV group showed an increased abundance of Proteobacteria and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidota.At the genus level,the abundances of Streptococcus,Ralstonia and Moraxella were significantly higher,whereas those of commensal bacteria like Prevotella and Veillonella were lower(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant associations between the alterations in the lower respiratory tract flora and clinical indicators in children with RSV infection(all P<0.05).Conclusion Children with RSV infection exhibit significant dysbiosis and diminished diversity in their lower respiratory tract flora.These alterations in respiratory microbiota are intricately linked to disease progression and offer insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of RSV infe

关 键 词：儿童 呼吸道合胞病毒 菌群 感染 下呼吸道 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]