基于污染指数法的山银花中重金属及有害元素风险分析  

Risk Analysis in Contamination Index Method to Evaluate Heavy Metal and Harmful Elements in Lonicerae Flos

作　　者：王高峰 WANG Gaofeng(Guizhou Engineering Vocational College,Tongren 565200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州工程职业学院,贵州铜仁565200

出　　处：《中国民族民间医药》2025年第6期37-40,共4页Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy

摘　　要：目的:分析山银花中铅、镉、汞、砷、铜、锌、铬的污染情况。方法:样品经微波湿法消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定其7种重金属及有害元素残留量,采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数分析其重金属及有害元素风险。结果:参照《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版等标准中的重金属及有害元素限量值,镉是山银花中的主要污染物,超标率为93%,汞是山银花中的次要污染物,超标率为20%。山银花中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜、锌、铬的单因子污染指数均值分别为0.08、1.77、0.08、1.65、0.49、0.25、0.19,表明山银花受到镉和汞元素的污染;综合污染指数为0.82~8.81,其中2批重度污染,2批中度污染,10批轻度污染,1批警戒级。结论:山银花对镉元素有天然的蓄积作用,制定限量标准时,应平衡公共卫生效益要求与产业可持续发展的成本风险,并结合中药使用特点制定合理的重金属限量值。Objective Analyzing the contamination of Pb,Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Zn,and Cr in Lonicerae Flos.Methods After the samples were wet dissolved by microwave,their seven heavy metal residues were determined by ICP-MS,and the risk of heavy metals and harmful elements analyzed by using the single-factor contamination index(SFI)and the Nemerow composite contamination index(NCI).Results Referring to the heavy metal and harmful elements limit standard of China Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition and other standards,Cd was the major pollutant in Lonicerae Flos,with an exceedance rate of 93%;Hg was the minor pollutant in Lonicerae Flos,with an exceedance rate of 20%.The mean values of the single-factor pollution indices of Pd,Cd,As,Hg,Cu,Zn and Cr in Lonicerae Flos were 0.08,1.77,0.08,1.65,0.49,0.25,0.19,indicating that the Lonicerae Flos were contaminated by the elements of Cd and Hg,respectively;and the composite pollution indices ranged from 0.82 to 8.81,with 2 batches of heavily contaminated,2 batches were moderately polluted,10 batches were lightly polluted,and 1 batch was alert level.Conclusion Lonicerae Flos have natural accumulation of Cd.When setting the limit standards,the requirements of public health benefits should be balanced against the cost risks of sustainable development of the industry,and reasonable heavy metal and harmful elements limit values should be set in conjunction with the characteristics of the use of traditional Chinese medicines.

关 键 词：山银花 重金属及有害元素 电感耦合等离子体质谱 微波消解 单因子污染指数法 内梅罗综合污染指数法 

分 类 号：R282.6[医药卫生—中药学]